The Role of Dissolved Gases and Ionic Composition in Reverse Osmosis Desalination
As global water stress intensifies, seawater desalination has become one of the cornerstones of water security in arid and semi-arid regions. From the Gulf countries to the Mediterranean basin, Australia, and parts of North America, desalination plants now produce tens of millions of cubic meters of drinking water every day. Reverse osmosis (RO) has emerged as the dominant desalination technology due to its increasingly competitive energy efficiency and the continuous improvement of membrane performance [1]. However, beyond traditional operational parameters such as salinity, pressure, and recovery rate, one critical factor often remains underestimated: seawater temperature. Its influence extends far beyond … Continue reading