PFAS in Water Systems: Sources, Challenges and Emerging Removal Technologies
Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as one of the most critical classes of persistent organic contaminants threatening global water resources. Due to their exceptional chemical stability, resistance to degradation, and widespread industrial applications, PFAS are increasingly detected in groundwater, surface water, wastewater, and even drinking water supplies. This article reviews the origin and environmental pathways of PFAS contamination, with a particular focus on aquatic systems. It also examines the principal analytical techniques currently used for PFAS detection and quantification in water matrices, including LC-MS/MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the study critically analyzes conventional and advanced PFAS … Continue reading