Author Archives: Nadjib Drouiche

About Nadjib Drouiche

Dr. Nadjib Drouiche is a multidisciplinary researcher and policy analyst with an extensive academic background and a strong record of scientific publications across several domains. His research interests span semiconductor technology, energetics, and environmental sciences, with a particular emphasis on desalination, wastewater treatment, and sustainable water management.

Integration of Renewable Energy and Agriculture for Sustainable Water–Food Systems

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The increasing pressure on water, energy, and food systems in arid and semi-arid regions has accelerated the search for integrated solutions capable of addressing these interconnected challenges. In the MENA region, where water scarcity is structural and climate change is intensifying hydrological variability, the convergence of renewable energy and agriculture has emerged as a strategic pathway toward sustainability. In particular, the coupling of renewable energy technologies with brackish water desalination offers a promising approach to support high-value crop production while minimizing environmental impacts and enhancing resource efficiency. This integrated paradigm aligns with the water–energy–food nexus framework, emphasizing synergies, co-benefits, and … Continue reading →

From Climate Commitments to National Pathways: Why NDCs Must Evolve

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When the Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015 under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), it marked a major turning point in global climate governance. For the first time, climate action was anchored in a universal yet differentiated mechanism, grounded in national realities: Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The Agreement stipulates that each Party shall prepare, communicate, and maintain successive contributions that represent a progression beyond the previous one and reflect the highest possible level of ambition [1]. Contrary to a still widespread perception, NDCs were never designed as fixed commitments. They constitute an evolving … Continue reading →

Economics of Desalination and Local Integration: Comparative Analysis of CAPEX, OPEX, and Industrial Dynamics in Water-Scarce Regions

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Seawater desalination has established itself as a cornerstone of water security in arid and semi-arid regions. Population growth, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and climate variability have significantly increased pressure on conventional water resources, making the use of non-conventional sources essential. Globally, installed desalination capacity has grown steadily over the past two decades, with tens of thousands of units in operation and daily production exceeding 100 million m³/day [1,2]. This expansion is particularly pronounced in the MENA region, which accounts for a majority of global capacity due to its structural water deficit.   Technological advances have profoundly changed the economics of the … Continue reading →

Artisanal Dyeing and Tanning in Algeria and Mali: Craftsmanship, Gender, and Nature-Based Solutions

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Across North and West Africa, artisanal dyeing and tanning remain deeply embedded in everyday life, shaping local economies, cultural identities, and social relations. In Algeria and Mali, these practices are not marginal activities but living traditions that connect generations, sustain households, and contribute to regional markets. From hand-dyed textiles to traditionally tanned leather goods, color and craftsmanship carry meaning far beyond aesthetics. Yet behind this richness lies a less visible reality: the growing pressure that artisanal production places on water resources and ecosystems, particularly through the discharge of untreated wastewater. In both countries, artisanal dyeing and tanning are typically carried … Continue reading →

Sustainable Management of Desalination Brine: Best Practices, Pilot Studies, and Innovations

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The management of brine generated by desalination plants has become one of the key determinants of the environmental and economic sustainability of this technology, which is now strategic for global water security. The production of desalinated water has increased significantly over the past two decades, particularly in arid regions of the Middle East, North Africa, Australia, and certain coastal areas of Europe and North America. This growth has inevitably been accompanied by a proportional increase in brine volumes. Globally, desalination facilities are estimated to produce more than 140 million cubic meters of brine per day, exceeding the volume of freshwater … Continue reading →

كاربونيفا: إعادة صياغة العمل المناخي من خلال الكربون، والطاقة والتكيف

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بالغالب عندما نقوم بمناقشة التغير المناخي، نقوم بمناقشة مجزأة، حيث نصوّر الطاقة كأداة للتخفيف من آثار هذا التغير وننظر للتكيف على أنه وسيلة للسيطرة على الأضرار الحاصلة، ونقوم باختزال الكربون لمقياس وحيد للانبعاثات. وبالرغم من ان هذه المقاربات ساهمت في تنظيم العمل المناخي عالمياً، إلا أنها تقف عاجزة أمام التسارع الذي يواجه العالم بآثار تغير المناخ ومخاطره وتحديات الموارد المرتبطة به. لا تنقصنا التكنولوجيا أو الطموح، بل التكامل. فالتغير المناخي ليس مجرد مشكلة طاقة، ولا انبعاثات فقط، بل هو تحدٍ لكيفية إدارة الكربون ويمتد هذا التحدي عبر أنظمة الطاقة والنظم البيئية وموارد المياه، والامن الغذائي، والمرونة الاجتماعية، وكذلك الاقتصادية. ولتتم … Continue reading →

Desalination at the Heart of Algeria’s Green Hydrogen Future: Water Security as a Strategic Energy Lever

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Algeria stands today at the crossroads of two defining transitions: the global shift toward low-carbon energy systems and the intensifying pressure on water resources across arid and semi-arid regions. In this dual transformation, green hydrogen has emerged not only as an industrial opportunity but as a strategic lever capable of reshaping the country’s energy model, export structure, and environmental trajectory. Yet, at the heart of this hydrogen ambition lies a critical enabler that is too often underestimated: desalination. Green hydrogen, produced through water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity, is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of global decarbonization strategies [1,2]. Unlike … Continue reading →

CARBONEVA: Reframing Climate Action Through Carbon, Energy, and Adaptation

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Climate change is often discussed through fragmented lenses. Renewable energy is framed as a mitigation tool, adaptation is treated as damage control, and carbon is reduced to a single metric of emissions. While these approaches have helped structure global climate action, they increasingly fall short in a world facing accelerating climate impacts, systemic risks, and interconnected resource crises [1,2]. What is missing is not technology or ambition, but integration. Climate change is not only an energy problem, nor solely an emissions problem. It is a carbon management challenge that unfolds across energy systems, ecosystems, water resources, food security, and socio-economic … Continue reading →

Waste Management Landscape in Algeria: Challenges and Opportunities

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The waste management sector in Algeria reflects a complex interaction between demographic dynamics, economic transformation, evolving regulatory frameworks, and persistent operational constraints. Over the past two decades, population growth, accelerated urbanization, and changing consumption patterns have led to a steady increase in waste generation, exerting growing pressure on municipal services, local authorities, and natural ecosystems. According to national data compiled by the National Agency of Waste (Agence Nationale des Déchets, AND), Algeria generates more than twelve million tonnes of domestic waste annually, a figure that continues to rise year after year [1]. When industrial, construction, and special waste streams are … Continue reading →

Black, Green, Blue, or Grey Carbon: Understanding the Hidden Colors of Climate Change

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Carbon lies at the heart of the planet’s major biogeochemical balances and constitutes an essential thread for understanding climate change, ecosystem degradation, and contemporary ecological transition strategies. Far from being a uniform entity, carbon; manifests itself in different forms and dynamics, often described through color codes black, brown, blue, green, red, and grey, which help to better grasp its origin, behavior in the environment, and its economic, social, and climatic implications. Although simplified, this typology has become established in scientific and policy debates as a pedagogical and analytical tool that facilitates the design of public policies, financial mechanisms, and sustainable … Continue reading →

The Promise of Seawater Desalination in Algeria: Perspectives

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Algeria is one of the countries most exposed to water stress in the world. Classified as arid and semi-arid, it relies heavily on limited freshwater resources, with overexploited aquifers and dams often at critical levels during recurrent droughts. In response to this reality, the Algerian government has made seawater desalination a major strategic solution to secure potable water supply while alleviating pressure on natural freshwater resources. This approach goes beyond merely meeting human needs: it also potentially contributes to the preservation of terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems, in line with the objectives of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted in … Continue reading →

Impact of Urban Trees and Forests on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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The fight against climate change has placed urban trees and forests at the heart of mitigation and adaptation strategies, to the point that tree planting is often perceived as a simple, visible, and widely accepted solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In many countries, urban greening programs are expanding, with tree-lined streets, boulevards, and public spaces, while large-scale reforestation and forest restoration initiatives are prominently featured in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This situation raises a central question: does planting trees along streets genuinely contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, or … Continue reading →