Biomass Energy and its Promise

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Biomass is the material derived from plants that use sunlight to grow which include plant and animal material such as wood from forests, material left over from agricultural and forestry processes, and organic industrial, human and animal wastes. Biomass comes from a variety of sources including wood from natural forests, agricultural residues, agro-industrial wastes, animal manure, organic industrial wastes, municipal solid wastes, sewage sludge etc. When biomass is left lying around on the ground it breaks down over a long period of time, releasing carbon dioxide and its store of energy slowly. By burning biomass its store of energy is released quickly and often in a useful way.

why use biomass for sustainability

Technology Options

Biomass resources can be transformed into clean energy and/or fuels by a variety of technologies, including thermal and biochemical. Besides recovery of energy, these technologies can lead to a substantial reduction in the overall waste quantities requiring final disposal.

As far as thermal technologies are concerned, biomass can be converted into energy by simple combustion, by co-firing with other fuels or through some intermediate process such as gasification and pyrolysis. The energy produced can be high calorific value gases, electrical power, heat or both (combined heat and power). The advantage of utilizing heat as well as or instead of electrical power is the marked improvement of conversion efficiency – electrical generation has a typical efficiency of around 30%, but if heat is used efficiencies can rise to more than 85%.

Biochemical processes, like anaerobic digestion, can also produce clean energy in the form of biogas which can be converted to power and heat. In addition, biomass can also yield liquid fuels, such as bioethanol or biodiesel, which can be used to replace petroleum-based fuels. Algal biomass is also emerging as a good source of energy because it can serve as natural source of oil, which conventional refineries can transform into jet fuel or diesel fuel.

Applications of Biomass Energy

Biomass energy technology is quite flexible and can be applied at a small, localized scale primarily for heat, or it can be used in much larger base-load power generation capacity whilst also producing heat. Biomass generation can thus be tailored to rural or urban environments, and utilized in domestic, commercial or industrial applications.

Biomass conversion reduces greenhouse gas emissions in two ways.  Heat and electrical energy is generated which reduces the dependence on power plants based on fossil fuels. GHG emissions are significantly reduced by preventing methane emissions from landfills.  Moreover, biomass energy plants are highly efficient in harnessing the untapped sources of energy from biomass wastes.

biomass resources

Key Benefits of Biomass Energy

Biomass energy systems offer significant possibilities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions due to their immense potential to replace fossil fuels in energy production. Biomass reduces emissions and enhances carbon sequestration since short-rotation crops or forests established on abandoned agricultural land accumulate carbon in the soil.

Biomass energy usually provides an irreversible mitigation effect by reducing carbon dioxide at source, but it may emit more carbon per unit of energy than fossil fuels unless biomass fuels are produced unsustainably. Biomass can play a major role in reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. In addition, the increased utilization of biomass-based fuels will be instrumental in safeguarding the environment, generation of new job opportunities, sustainable development and health improvements in rural areas. Biomass energy could also aid in modernizing the agricultural economy.

When compared with wind and solar energy, biomass plants are able to provide crucial, reliable baseload generation. Biomass plants provide fuel diversity, which protects communities from volatile fossil fuels. Since biomass energy uses domestically-produced fuels, biomass power greatly reduces our dependence on foreign energy sources and increases national energy security.

schematic of anaerobic digestion technology

Global Trends

Biomass energy has rapidly become a vital part of the global renewable energy mix and account for an ever-growing share of electric capacity added worldwide. As per a recent UNEP report, total renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded 3870 GW in 2023. Renewable energy supplies around one-fifth of the final energy consumption worldwide, counting traditional biomass, large hydropower, and “new” renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels).

Traditional biomass, primarily for cooking and heating, represents about 13 percent and is growing slowly or even declining in some regions as biomass is used more efficiently or replaced by more modern energy forms. Some of the recent predictions suggest that biomass energy is likely to make up one third of the total world energy mix by 2050. Infact, biofuel provides more than 3% of the world’s fuel for transport.

How Swapzone Ensures Security in Crypto Swaps

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Security is a top concern for anyone engaging in cryptocurrency transactions. With the growing popularity of digital assets, ensuring the safety of user funds and data is paramount. Swapzone, the best crypto exchange aggregator, places a strong emphasis on protecting users throughout the crypto swapping process. This article explores the various measures Swapzone implements to ensure secure crypto swap.

swapping crypto

Understanding the Risks in Crypto Swaps

Cryptocurrency transactions can be vulnerable to several risks, including hacking, scams, and data breaches. Users must be cautious when interacting with exchange platforms, especially those requiring custody of funds or personal information. By choosing a reliable and transparent service like Swapzone, users can mitigate many of these risks.

How Swapzone Prioritizes Security

Swapzone employs multiple layers of security to protect its users and ensure the integrity of transactions. Here are some of the key security features:

1. Non-Custodial Transactions

One of the primary ways Swapzone enhances security is by operating as a non-custodial platform. This means that Swapzone does not hold or store user funds at any point. Instead, the platform facilitates direct transactions between the user and the selected exchange. By eliminating the need to store funds, Swapzone significantly reduces the risk of hacks or unauthorized access.

2. Partnering with Trusted Exchanges

Swapzone only integrates with reputable and verified cryptocurrency exchanges. Each partner undergoes a thorough evaluation to ensure compliance with industry standards and security protocols. This ensures that users have access to reliable exchange services with a proven track record of safe operations.

3. Secure Data Transmission

All data exchanged between users and the Swapzone platform is encrypted using industry-standard SSL (Secure Socket Layer) technology. This prevents third parties from intercepting sensitive information, such as wallet addresses and transaction details.

4. Transparent Process

Transparency is a core value at Swapzone. Users receive comprehensive information about exchange rates, fees, and estimated transaction times before initiating a swap. This openness ensures that users can make informed decisions and minimizes the risk of hidden charges or unexpected outcomes.

choosing the right cryptocurrency exchange

5. Continuous Monitoring and Audits

Swapzone regularly monitors its systems and partners for potential vulnerabilities. Routine security audits and assessments help identify and address any weaknesses, ensuring the platform remains resilient against emerging threats.

6. No Personal Data Collection

Unlike many centralized exchanges, Swapzone does not require users to create an account or provide personal information. This anonymity protects user privacy and minimizes the risk of identity theft or data breaches.

Best Practices for Safe Crypto Swaps

While Swapzone prioritizes security, users should also take precautions when engaging in crypto swaps. Here are some best practices to follow:

  • Use Secure Wallets: Always transfer funds to and from a secure, reputable cryptocurrency wallet.
  • Verify Transaction Details: Double-check wallet addresses and transaction amounts before confirming a swap.
  • Keep Software Updated: Ensure your wallet and any related applications are up-to-date to benefit from the latest security patches.
  • Stay Informed: Follow industry news and updates to remain aware of potential threats and best practices for safeguarding your assets.

Conclusion

Security is a critical component of any cryptocurrency transaction. Swapzone’s non-custodial model, encrypted data transmission, and partnerships with trusted exchanges work together to create a secure environment for crypto swaps. By prioritizing user safety and privacy, Swapzone provides a reliable platform where users can exchange digital assets with confidence.

Whether you’re a seasoned trader or a newcomer to cryptocurrency, Swapzone’s commitment to security ensures a safe and seamless swapping experience.

The Importance of Secure Fax Services for Protecting Sensitive Information

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In today’s digitally driven world, transmitting sensitive information securely is more important than ever. Protecting confidential data is a critical concern for individuals and companies alike, particularly with rising cyber threats. Secure fax services are becoming a vital tool for ensuring data privacy and security when sending and receiving sensitive documents. In this article, we will explore how secure fax solutions safeguard information and meet regulatory compliance, providing an invaluable asset in the landscape of digital communication. Below, discover the compelling reasons to embrace secure fax services for your data transmission needs.

The Vital Role of Secure Fax Services in Protecting Confidential Data

A man stands in front of a computer, displaying a piece of paper associated with secured fax service.

Secured fax services are essential for robust data protection, especially when compared to traditional fax machines that expose documents to unauthorized access. By encrypting data during transit and eliminating physical printouts, these services ensure sensitive information remains accessible only to intended recipients. Features like access controls and audit trails further enhance security, making them ideal for industries like healthcare and finance that require strict compliance with privacy regulations.

In addition to safeguarding data, a secured fax service can improve efficiency by securely handling large files, which email systems often struggle to accommodate. This capability allows businesses to share sensitive documents quickly and securely, demonstrating a strong commitment to data protection and operational excellence.

How Secure Fax Transmissions Guard Against Data Breaches

Secure fax transmissions are designed to protect against data breaches by employing multiple security measures. Encryption is the primary layer, transforming information into a code that hackers cannot decipher without the correct decryption key. User authentication is another critical component, verifying the identities of both sender and receiver to prevent unauthorized access.

Secure fax services typically have secure data centers with advanced cybersecurity measures, monitored around the clock to ward off cyber attacks and provide a resilient foundation for data transmission. Secure fax solutions offer robust control over document access and distribution, allowing users to specify who can send or receive documents, further reducing the likelihood of information leaks or unauthorized disclosures.

Compliance and Regulatory Mandates: Secure Fax Services as a Solution

Secure fax services are essential for industries like healthcare to comply with regulatory mandates like HIPAA and GDPR. These systems ensure data transmission meets legal standards for protection and privacy. Healthcare providers can maintain patient data confidentiality and avoid costly HIPAA violations by using secure fax services. In healthcare, secure fax plays a key role in medical chart abstraction, where PHI must be shared securely across facilities. A guide to medical data abstraction helps teams navigate the process, from data collection to QA and reporting, while maintaining HIPAA compliance.

They also facilitate compliance by logging all communication activities, providing a verifiable record for audits or legal disputes. These services demonstrate due diligence in data handling, a key factor in adhering to compliance standards. Some services offer customization options, allowing organizations to tailor their data management policies to specific regulatory requirements, further solidifying their role as a crucial tool for regulatory compliance.

Enhanced Security Features of Modern Secure Fax Solutions

A workspace showcasing a typewriter, a computer, and a lamp on a desk, illustrating a fusion of classic and contemporary design.

Secure fax solutions are designed to protect against digital threats by implementing various security features. These include SSL encryption for data in transit and AES encryption for stored data. End-to-end encryption adds a robust barrier against data compromise. Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a critical defense mechanism against cyber threats. Digital signature capabilities enhance the authenticity and integrity of faxed documents, allowing recipients to verify the sender and verify the document’s validity.

Digital signatures boost trust and security. Data loss prevention (DLP) policies detect and block inadvertent sharing of sensitive data, preventing data breaches. These policies support organizations in maintaining compliance and safeguarding their data assets. Secure fax solutions are essential tools for protecting sensitive information and ensuring data security.

Comparing Traditional Fax to Secure Fax Services: A Security Perspective

Traditional faxing is vulnerable due to vulnerabilities such as unauthorized access, human error, and misplaced or unsecured documents. Secure fax services offer a significant upgrade in information security with features like encryption and secure transmission methods. They provide protection against data theft and exposure, and operate digitally, reducing overhead and resource consumption. This shift promotes a more secure environment and a more sustainable and cost-efficient operational model.

Secure fax services empower remote and hybrid work models by allowing sending and receiving faxes from anywhere, providing a modern solution for today’s decentralized workforce without sacrificing safety for flexibility. Thus, secure fax services offer a more secure and cost-efficient solution for modern data transmission.

Altogether, secure fax services represent a paramount shift in how we consider document transmission in a digitally reliant and security-conscious era. They not only offer superior protection against data breaches but also enable compliance with stringent industry regulations. The switch from traditional fax to secure fax services is not just about keeping up with the times; it’s about ensuring that sensitive information enjoys the highest level of security possible.

4 Common Misconceptions About Climate Change

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From an individual level, climate change can seem as a difficult issue to connect with, often leaving people with emotions of helplessness as they struggle to understand this phenomenon. While most people can identify practices to reduce their carbon footprint, very few of them actually engage in such activities. One of the main reasons for such inertia from the public may lie in the image of climate change, portrayed by media as being distant, remote and affecting future generations. Here are some of the most common myths and misconceptions about climate change:

climate-change in GCC

1. There is still no global scientific consensus on climate change

Media often portrays climate debates between climate scientists and climate deniers as two equal sides of the argument. The reality is of course quite different with over 97 percent of active research scientists agreeing that human activities have influenced climate change. As such, for the sake of having a “balanced” argument, media pairs arguments of the significant climate majority with the minority 3 percent sceptics that share the same light.

Such a false portrayal of the climate change debate may be one of the many reasons of climate scepticism among the general public. A recent survey conducted by the YouGov-Cambridge Globalism Project revealed the US leading the ranks of having the highest proportion of public doubtful of man-made climate change in the West.

2. Climate change is a natural and normal phenomenon of the planetary cycle

The current phenomenon of climate change is a myriad of complex systems working together: the El Nino effect, variations in global wind systems, and the increased warming caused by excess levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere; with the latter caused most exclusively by human activities.

In fact, in recognition of the fact that human activities have made such a significant impact on the planet’s climate and ecological cycles, scientists have suggested naming the current geological period as the Anthropocene. This suggests that the human activities have left impacts and changes on the earth that are equivalent to those previously left by geological forces such as volcanic eruptions, floods and meteorite crashes.

3. The weather is going to get warmer with climate change

Studies have shown how members of the public associate hotter extreme weather events to climate change as opposed to colder weather phenomenon, based on the literal translation of global warming. While climate change will increase the overall temperature of the earth’s surface, not all impacts of this change will be represented through warmer summers, droughts and heatwaves.

climate-change-arabic

Increased temperatures in the Arctic as a result of global warming, for instance, have been found to alter the patterns of the jet stream flow, a global set of wind patterns that influence our current weather patterns. As such, the weakening of these jet streams have been known to lead to more extreme and longer winters especially in the northern hemisphere.

And it’s not just the temperatures that are affected by global warming. Indirect effects of such rising average temperatures can lead to changes in the topography of the planet as already seen through melting ice sheets. The warming temperature of the planet also impacts oceans, causing them to expand and result in sea level rise. This is expected to result in the submergence of vulnerable coastal and island nations such as Bangladesh and the Maldives affecting both the entire nations and their neighbouring countries.

4. Individual actions don’t matter; it’s a problem for governments and businesses to solve

Consumer demand is necessary to push the climate agenda and send important messages to the retail and supplier markets. While it is important for large stakeholders in the supply chain to accelerate efforts towards climate change, there is so much that we, as individuals, can do to live sustainably and reduce our carbon footprint.

A recent example of the rise in individual actions can be seen through the global climate movement by school children entitled Fridays for Future, where students from across the world protest for their local governments to take climate change seriously. The battle against climate change is a collective one, that will require both institutions and individuals to change their attitudes and actions.

Bottom Line

As individuals, let’s start this battle by reducing our carbon footprint by eating and purchasing sustainably, lowering our flight and vehicular emissions, and spreading awareness about climate change!

كلّ ما يجب معرفته عن التصحر

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مع تجاوز عدد سكان العالم 7 مليارات نسمة، فإن الضغط على الأراضي ازداد بشكل هائل في العقود الأخيرة. أصبح الأمن الغذائي والمساكن وسبل العيش من أهم المفاهيم الرائجة في الوقت الحالي. والمفارقة أنه بالرغم من الطلب المتزايد على الأراضي، فإن أكثر من 10 ملايين هكتار من الأراضي الصالحة للزراعة تتحول إلى صحراء كل عام. وتكمن العوامل الرئيسية المسببة للتصحر في إزالة الغابات والرعي الجائر وطرق الزراعة غير المستدامة وممارسات الري الضعيفة، إلى جانب تغير المناخ.

desertification in mena

ونقلاً عن السيد لوك غناقادجا، السكرتير التنفيذي لاتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لمكافحة التصحر، حيث قال: “يعد تدهور الأراضي ظاهرة عالمية، حيث يحدث 78 في المئة من التدهور في الأراضي غير الجافة.” والنتيجة الحتمية للتصحر هي فقدان الأراضي الزراعية الثمينة، وتدمير الغطاء النباتي، والاختلال في التوازن الهيدرولوجي في المناطق الجافة.

خطورة الوضع

يُعد التصحر ظاهرة عالمية تؤثر على الدول في جميع أنحاء العالم. تشهد الصين نسبة عالية من التصحر بمعدل مثير للقلق، حيث يتصحر حوالي 1,300 ميل مربع سنويًا. كما تجف مناطق من أفريقيا جَنُوب الصحراء الكبرى، بالإضافة إلى أجزاء من تركيا الذي كانت سابقًا أراضٍ زراعية غنية. وفي الشرق الأوسط، فإن الصحراء تعاود الظهور حيث تتحول الأراضي الخصبة إلى قاحلة. ووفقًا لتقرير التنمية البشرية العربي لعام 2009 الصادر عن برنامَج الأمم المتحدة الإنمائي، فإن التصحر يهدد حوالي خمس منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيَا.

حوالي 48.6% من مساحة الأراضي في المشرق، و28.6% في وادي النيل والقرن الإفريقي، و16.5% في شمال إفريقيَا، و9% في شبه الجزيرة العربية معرضة للخطر بسبب التصحر. ومن بين دول منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيَا، تُعد ليبيَا ومصر والأردن من أكثر الدول تعرضًا للمخاطر. وفي شبه الجزيرة العربية، تُعد البحرين والكويت وقطر والإمارات من أكثر الدول تأثرًا.

كيف نكافح التصحر؟

أعلنت الأمم المتحدة منذ العام 2012 عن بداية عقدٍ لتحقيق حيادية التدهور الأرضي الصافي إلى صفر. وفي منطقة الشرق الأوسط، فإن الحل يكمن في مكافحة التصحر. ويجب علينا اتخاذ الخطوات لوقف تمدد الصحاري إلى الأراضي الخصبة الشحيحة التي نملكها.

ينبغي أن يكون هناك تركيز عاجل على الحفاظ على منسوب المياه الجوفية ووقف تآكل التربة.  تساهم النظم البيئية كأشجار المنغروف في الحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي الدقيق في منطقتنا، وتحتاج منّا للضرورة بذل الجهود لمنع تدميرها.

قال عالم البيئة الأمريكي ألدو ليوبولد بحق: “نحن نسيء استخدام الأرض لأننا نعتبرها سلعة تخصنا. عندما نرى الأرض كمجتمع ننتمي إليه، فربما نبدأ باستخدامها بمحبة واحترام.” وقد أدرك أسلافنا ذلك حينما قالوا: “كلّما يثبت في التربة ينتمي إلى التربة”، مما يضمن بقاء الأشجار في مكانها.

إن مشكلة التصحر إلى حد ما من صنع أيدينا، وعدم اهتمامنا الحالي يزيد من تفاقم المشكلة. والحلول بسيطة للغاية، لكنها تتطلب درجة عالية من المسؤولية الاجتماعية وتغيير السلوك.

climate change effect on water resources

Climate change is profoundly affecting water resources in the Middle East

الشراكة هي مبدأ ملزم في مكافحة التصحر. وتشمل الجهات الرئيسية بمشاركة الأفراد والحكومات، والسلطات والشركات، والبرلمانات والمنظمات غير الحكومية. ويمكن للمدارس والكليات أيضًا أن تؤدي دورًا هامًا في نشر المعلومات وتطوير المهارات والتقنيات لمكافحة التصحر.

يجب أن يكون تشجير الأراضي الجافة هو المبادرة الأساسية في مكافحة التصحر. فهذا إجراء بسيط وفعّال، ويجب تنفيذه بمشاركة جميع قطاعات المجتمع المدني. فالأشجار لا تمتص ثاني أكسيد الكربون فقط، بل تساعد أيضًا في منع تآكل التربة. وللأشجار أيضاً تأثيراً إيجابياً على تغير المناخ وتساهم في تحسين أنماط الطقس على المدى البعيد. أرجو منكم بكل تواضع أن تخطوا تلك الخطوة الأولى، وأن تغرسوا شجرتكم الأولى وتقوموا بتخضير الأفق قبل فوات الأوان.

ترجمة: عبدالله فيصل السلامة

طالب وطموح يسعى لتحقيق التميز في مسيرته الأكاديمية والمهنية. يتقن اللغتين العربية والإنجليزية. يتميز بشغفه الدائم لاكتساب المعرفة وتطوير مهاراته في مختلف المجالات

Note: The original English version of the article is available at this link.

District Cooling in Middle East: Potential and Challenges

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District cooling produces chilled water in a centralized location for distribution to buildings, like offices and factories, through a network of insulated underground pipes. The chilled water travels to different buildings, where the water circulates through refrigeration coils or uses absorption technology to enter the air-conditioning system. During winter, the source for the cooling can often be seawater, so it is a cheaper resource than using electricity to run compressors for cooling.

District-Cooling-Middle-East

What is District Cooling

District cooling provides effective control over internal temperature of a building, requires less maintenance than a standalone air-conditioning system, consumes lesser space and reduces noise pollution. The effect of district cooling systems on the environment is minimal because of the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, use of eco-friendly refrigerants and implementation of rigorous health and safety standards.

The Helsinki district cooling system in Finland uses waste heat from CHP generation units to run absorption refrigerators for cooling during summer time, greatly reducing electricity usage. In winter time, cooling is achieved more directly using seawater. The adoption of district cooling is estimated to reduce the consumption of electricity for cooling purposes by as much as 90 percent. The idea is now being adopted in other Finnish cities.

The use of district cooling is also growing rapidly in Sweden and in a similar way. District cooling is very widespread in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. In fact, approx. 7 million square meters of commercial space in Stockholm is connected to the district cooling grid. The Stockholm district cooling grid currently consists of different systems with capacities ranging from 3 MW to 228 MW. The district cooling network in Stockholm is currently 76 kilometers long.

District Cooling Prospects in the Middle East

There is tremendous potential for the utilization of district cooling systems in the Middle East. The constant year-round heat coupled with expensive glass exteriors for hotel, airports and offices etc. result in very high indoor temperatures. The combination of distributed generation of power and utilization of waste heat can provide a sustainable solution to meet the high demand for refrigeration in the region. District cooling systems can provide cooling solutions to commercial buildings, hotels, apartment blocks, shopping malls etc.

The world’s largest district cooling plant, Integrated District Cooling Plant (IDCP), was installed in The Pearl-Qatar in 2010. IDCP will service more than 80 apartment towers, beachfront villas, townhouses, shopping complexes, offices, schools and hotels throughout the Island, ultimately supplying more than 130,000 tons of refrigeration to the Island’s estimated 50,000 residents.

District-Cooling-Qatar

World’s largest district cooling plant has been installed in The Pearl-Qatar

Despite paramount importance of air conditioning in Middle East countries, regional governments have failed to incorporate it in policy and planning which has lead to the evolution of an unregulated market for cooling systems.  Most of the cooling methods employed nowadays are based on traditional window units or central air cooling systems where consume copious amount of power and also damage the environment.

Conclusion

District cooling has the potential to provide a viable solution to meet air conditioning requirements in the Middle East. Low energy requirement, peak saving potential, eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness are major hallmarks of district cooling networks.

Sustainable cooling solutions can play a vital role in fostering sustainable development in the Middle East nations. Apart from providing cooling needs, district cooling can reduce the need for new power plants, slash fossil fuel requirements and substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the region.

The Importance of Tree Disease Management

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Trees are vital to the beauty and ecological balance, providing shade, improving air quality, and enhancing property value. However, trees are often threatened by various diseases that can compromise their health and longevity. Effective tree disease management requires a combination of prevention, early detection, and timely intervention. In this article, we’ll explore practical strategies homeowners can use to protect their trees and maintain a thriving landscape.

managing tree diseases

Understanding the Importance of Tree Disease Management

1. Preserving Tree Health and Longevity

Diseased trees are more likely to weaken, decline, and die prematurely. Proactive management helps to:

  • Detect and address issues early.
  • Prevent diseases from spreading to other trees in your yard.
  • Maintain trees as long-term assets that enhance your property.

2. Preventing Safety Hazards

Diseased trees are prone to structural instability, which can lead to falling branches or complete tree failure. Effective disease management ensures:

  • Dangerous limbs are pruned or removed before they become a threat.
  • Structural weaknesses are addressed to reduce risks during storms.

3. Supporting Flower Mound’s Ecosystem

Healthy trees play a vital role in Flower Mound’s environment. They:

  • Provide habitats for birds, insects, and other wildlife.
  • Absorb pollutants and reduce carbon emissions.
  • Enhance soil health and prevent erosion.

Common Tree Diseases in Flower Mound

Flower Mound’s trees are susceptible to several diseases that can spread quickly if left unmanaged. Key examples include:

Oak Wilt

Oak wilt is a devastating fungal disease that affects oak trees, particularly live oaks and red oaks. It spreads through root grafts and sap-feeding beetles, causing leaf discoloration, wilting, and tree death if untreated.

Hypoxylon Canker

This disease often affects stressed or weakened trees. It causes bark discoloration, limb dieback, and eventual decay. Drought conditions commonly exacerbate its impact.

Anthracnose

Anthracnose is a fungal disease that targets leaves, causing dark spots, defoliation, and reduced photosynthesis. It often occurs in sycamores, maples, and oaks during wet conditions.

Root Rot

Caused by overwatering or poorly drained soil, root rot leads to decayed root systems, making trees unstable and susceptible to toppling.

Strategies for Managing Tree Diseases

1. Prioritize Prevention

Preventing diseases is the most effective and economical strategy. Key preventative measures include:

  • Choosing Disease-Resistant Trees: When planting new trees, select species and varieties known for their disease resistance.
  • Planting in Ideal Locations: Ensure trees have enough space, sunlight, and airflow to thrive. Crowded conditions can encourage the spread of diseases.
  • Maintaining Soil Health: Fertilize and mulch appropriately to support strong root systems and improve tree resilience.

2. Monitor Trees Regularly

Early detection is critical for successful tree disease management. Regularly inspect trees for:

  • Discolored or wilting leaves.
  • Bark peeling, cracking, or discoloration.
  • Fungal growths, such as mushrooms near the base.
  • Dead or dying branches.

If you notice unusual symptoms, consult a professional arborist promptly.

3. Prune and Maintain Trees Properly

Proper pruning can reduce the risk of disease by improving airflow and removing diseased or dead branches. Best practices include:

  • Using Sterilized Tools: Clean pruning tools between cuts to avoid spreading pathogens.
  • Pruning at the Right Time: Avoid pruning during wet or high-risk seasons when pathogens are most active.
  • Removing Diseased Material Safely: Dispose of infected branches or leaves away from healthy trees to prevent further contamination.

4. Manage Watering and Drainage

Overwatering or poorly drained soil can lead to fungal diseases like root rot. Ensure your trees have proper hydration by:

  • Watering deeply but infrequently to encourage deep root growth.
  • Avoiding water accumulation around tree bases.
  • Installing drainage solutions in areas prone to standing water.

5. Implement Mulching Practices

Mulching helps maintain soil moisture, regulate temperature, and prevent weed growth. However, improper mulching can cause issues. Follow these guidelines:

  • Use organic mulch like wood chips or bark.
  • Apply mulch in a 2–4 inch layer, keeping it a few inches away from the trunk.
  • Avoid creating “mulch volcanoes,” which can trap moisture and promote rot.

6. Protect Trees from Pests

Many pests act as vectors for diseases, spreading pathogens from tree to tree. To minimize pest activity:

  • Use insecticidal treatments as recommended by a professional.
  • Introduce beneficial insects, such as ladybugs, to control harmful pests naturally.
  • Keep trees healthy, as stressed trees are more vulnerable to pest infestations.

recycling the tree shavings

When to Call a Professional Arborist

While homeowners can handle some aspects of tree care, certain situations require the expertise of a certified arborist. Call a professional if:

  • A tree shows severe symptoms of disease, such as extensive dieback or fungal growth.
  • Structural issues pose a risk to your property or safety.
  • You need guidance on treatment options or tree removal.

Professional arborists have the tools and knowledge to diagnose diseases accurately, recommend effective treatments, and ensure the safety of your trees and property.

Long-Term Benefits of Effective Tree Disease Management

Investing in tree disease management offers numerous benefits for homeowners:

1. Improved Tree Longevity: With proper care, trees can live for decades, providing consistent shade, beauty, and ecological benefits.

2. Enhanced Property Value: Healthy, well-maintained trees significantly boost curb appeal and property value, making your home more attractive to potential buyers.

3. Reduced Maintenance Costs: Preventative measures and early intervention minimize the need for costly tree removal or emergency services.

4. Environmental Contributions: By keeping trees healthy, homeowners contribute to cleaner air, reduced urban heat, and improved biodiversity.

Practical Tips for Homeowners

Here are actionable steps homeowners can take to maintain tree health:

  • Inspect Trees Monthly: Regular checks help catch issues early.
  • Water Strategically: During dry spells, water trees deeply but avoid overwatering.
  • Schedule Professional Assessments: Have an arborist evaluate your trees at least once a year.
  • Clean Up Debris: Remove fallen leaves and branches, especially if they show signs of disease.
  • Educate Yourself: Learn about common tree diseases to stay informed and proactive.

Protecting Flower Mound’s Trees with TreeNewal

By implementing preventative care, monitoring for early signs of disease, and providing expert solutions, we help ensure your trees remain strong, resilient, and vibrant year-round.

Don’t wait for tree diseases to take hold—partner with a reliable tree care specialist to protect and preserve your trees and. Schedule a professional tree care consultation with our ISA-certified arborists today and keep your trees thriving for years to come.

The Potential of Green Hydrogen in the MENA Region

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The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) offer impeccable weather conditions to develop renewable energy continuously all year round. There are currently over 1500 wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) projects in the area with a producing capacity of over 20GW[1] and these numbers are expected to grow exponentially in the forthcoming years[2]. Recently, hydrogen has received an unprecedented attention in the global energy scenery. Over 30 countries have revealed their hydrogen strategies, and more are expected to follow. Just in the MENA region, 10 countries have ambitions in developing the technology and are prepared to invest in related projects, in which three have already started operations (Morocco, Saudi Arabia and the UAE).[3]

Green Hydrogen In The MENA Region

What is Green Hydrogen

Renewable or “Green” hydrogen is produced by a process called water electrolysis which consists in the decomposition of water (H2O) into its basic components, hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2), through passing electric current that is generated from renewables. With this process, electrical energy can be stored as chemical energy of the resulting hydrogen.

Water is an ideal source for producing hydrogen because it only releases oxygen as a by-product during processing, making the produced hydrogen climate neutral with zero GHG emissions. We use an electrolyser to conduct the water electrolysis and there are currently three types: The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), which is the most commonly used nowadays, the Alkaline electrolyser and finally the Solid Oxide (SOEC) which is less mature and still under development but promises a better efficiency[4].

The Promise of Green Hydrogen

Green hydrogen can be considered as a real interconnector of all renewable energy technologies as it combines Solar PV and wind energy and therefore accelerate the energy transition. According to the IRENA report Geopolitics of the Energy Transformation: The Hydrogen Factor published in January 2022, North Africa, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan countries have the highest potential in producing the highest volumes of Green Hydrogen but also the cheapest, just under 1.5 dollars a kilogram which competes with fossil fuels.

These regions, according to the report, could be major exporters of green hydrogen to the rest of the world and attract major investments from Europe[5]. The high scale production of clean hydrogen could potentially bring geopolitical shifts in the world, making the regions which are more prone in producing it, leaders and big players in the energy global scene.

Green Hydrogen Prospects in MENA

The exiting gas infrastructure in the MENA region is ideally positioned for a fast exchange and export of green hydrogen[6]. Indeed, gas pipelines could be used to export renewable hydrogen to Europe and therefore reduce the overall costs that would be involved if new infrastructures needed to be constructed.

hydrogen economy

With green hydrogen being imported from the MENA region, Europe and MENA could both realize a sustainable energy system and meet the obligations of the Paris Agreement for 2050. Furthermore, it could generate social stability in Middle Eastern and Northern-African countries, potentially reducing the number of economic migrants from the region to Europe and creating local sustainable jobs.

All and all, green hydrogen in the MENA region has great potential but its development is still at a very early stage. Even if more giant countries like Algeria and Egypt are expected to plan a hydrogen roadmap, it is still very uncertain at this time whether the technology will kick-off as experts are expecting. Conflicts, natural disasters, and pandemics could slow it down.

One thing can be sure, the ongoing innovations in electrolysis technology will undoubtedly accelerate the development of renewable hydrogen in the MENA region and open new paths for partnerships and collaborations.

References

[1] Is MENA Ready for Hydrogen? ‘Toward Emission Free Energy for itself and the World’ IMPACT Hydrogen Session, October 18th, 2021 Paul Van Son, President Dii Desert Energy

[2] Leaders Associate 2022

[3] Leaders Associate “Green Hydrogen in MENA Development with great potential” 2022

[4] World Hydrogen Leaders Electrolyser Case studies 2022

[5] IRENA Geopolitics of the Energy Transformation: The Hydrogen Factor, January 2022 p45

[6] Is MENA Ready for Hydrogen? ‘Toward Emission Free Energy for itself and the World’ IMPACT Hydrogen Session, October 18th, 2021 Paul Van Son, President Dii Desert Energy, slide 8

الإسلام و البيئة

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تقدم المعتقدات، العادات، و القيم الإسلامية حلّا شاملا و فعالا  للتحديات البيئية الراهنة التي تواجه الجنس البشري. يمتلك الإسلام تقاليدا غنية تسلط الضوء على أهمية حماية البيئة والحفاظ على الموارد الطبيعية. وفقا للشريعة الإسلامية، فإن العناصر الأساسية للطبيعة – الأرض، المياه، النار، الغابات، والضوء –  هي حق لكافة الكائنات الحية، و ليست حكرا على البشر فقط.

 إن القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة عي بمثابة نور يوجه تعزيز التنمية المستدامة في البلدان الإسلامية و في جميع أنحاء العالم. و قد أمر الله سبحانه و تعالى البشر بالابتعاد عن سوء استخدام و هدر الموارد، لأن مثل هذه الأفعال قد تسهم في تدهور البيئة. وقد منحت البشرية امتياز استغلال الموارد الطبيعية على أساس مبدأ الوصاية،  مما يعني الحق في استخدام ممتلكات شخص آخر بناء على وعد بعدم التسبب في تلفها أو تدميرها.

islam and nature

القرآن الكريم و البيئة

 يشير القرآن الكريم في مواضع عدة  إلى البيئة، ويحتوي أيضا على بعض المبادئ الهامة في الحفاظ عليها. أما المبدأ الأول الذي يعكس التوجه الإسلامي في موضوع الاستدامة البيئية فهو مفهوم الوصاية، فيتوجب على الشخص الذي يملك منصب الخليفة أو الوصي اتخاذ جميع الخطوات اللازمة لضمان نقل الملكية إلى الجيل التالي في أكثر صورة نقية ممكنة. و وفقا للإسلام،  إن كل شخص هو حارس للطبيعة، ويجب عليه أن يعيش بانسجام مع المخلوقات الأخرى فيها. ومن واجب جميع المسلمين احترام البيئة و الحفاظ عليها.

إن الفساد بجميع أنواعه، بما في ذلك الفساد البيئي، الذي يشمل التلوث الصناعي، الضرر البيئي، الاستغلال الطائش وسوء إدارة الموارد الطبيعية مكروه عند الله سبحانه و تعالى.

يقول الله سبحانه و تعالى في كتابه الكريم:

 ” وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُفْسِدِينَ﴿٦٤﴾” – الأعراف

“وَلَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ بَعْدَ إِصْلَاحِهَا ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌلَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿٨٥﴾” – المائدة

“وَأَحْسِنْ كَمَا أَحْسَنَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ ۖ وَلَا تَبْغِالْفَسَادَ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُفْسِدِينَ ﴿٧٧﴾” – القصص

“يَا بَنِي آدَمَ خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا وَلَا تُسْرِفُوا إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْرِفِينَ ﴿٣١﴾” – الأعراف

وفقا للقرآن الكريم، إن الحفاظ على البيئة واجب ديني و التزام اجتماعي، و هو ليس مسألة اختيارية. ويرتبط استغلال مورد طبيعي معين مباشرة بالمساءلة عنه و الالتزام بالحفاظ عليه و التأكد من ديمومته أيضا.

 الحديث الشريف و البيئة

يتعامل الحديث النبوي الشريف أيضا على نطاق واسع مع مختلف الجوانب البيئية، بما في ذلك الحفاظ على الموارد، استصلاح الأراضي، والنظافة البيئية. كان الرسول محمد – صلى الله عليه و سلم –  يذم الإسراف والترف،  ويشجع على الاعتدال في جميع مناحي الحياة. ويعتبر أكثر الأحاديث النبوية شهرة في مجال البيئة يذلك الذي يقول “إن الدنيا حلوة خَضِرة، وإن الله مستخلفكم فيها “، و هو  يؤكد من جديد على تعاليم القرآن التي جاء فيها أن البشرية قد أعطيت مسؤولية الوصاية على البيئة الطبيعية.

 نهى رسول الله محمد – صلى الله عليه و سلم – بوضوح عن تدمير الأشجار والمحاصيل الزراعية حتى خلال أوقات الحرب، ما دام وجودها لا يزال مفيدا للعدو. و منح  أهمية كبيرة للزراعة المستدامة للأرض، والمعاملة الإنسانية للحيوانات، والحفاظ على الموارد الطبيعية، وحماية الحياة البرية. و من بعض أقوال النبي- صلى الله عليه وسلم- في الحث على الاستدامة البيئية:

‏((إنَّ الدُّنيا حلوةٌ خَضِرة، وإنَّ الله مُستخلفكم فيها، فينظر كيف تعملُون.)) – رواهُ مُسلم

((مَا مِن مُسلم يَغرِسُ غَرْسًا أو يَزرَعُ زَرْعًا فيأكُلُ مِنه طَيرٌ أو إنسَانٌ أو بهيْمَةٌ إلا كان لهُ بهِ صَدقَةٌ.)) – رواه النسائي

((من نصب شجرة فصبر على حِفْظها والقيام عليها حتى تُثمر كان له في كل شيء يُصاب من ثمرها صدقة عند الله.)) – رواه مسلم

أدرك الرسول – صلى الله عليه و سلم – أنه لا ينبغي استغلال الموارد الطبيعية بشكل مفرط و لا ينبغي إساءة معاملتها. و من أجل حماية الأراضي والغابات والحياة البرية، أنشأ مناطق لا يمكن انتهاكها، تعرف باسم “الحرام” أو “الحمى”، حيث تترك الموارد فيها دون أي مساس. تم وضع مناطق الحرام حول الآبار ومصادر المياه لحماية المياه الجوفية من فرط ضخ المياه منها. أما الحمى فقد طبقت على الحياة البرية والغابات، وحددت مساحة من الأراضي حيث كان الرعي وتقطيع الأخشاب فيها مقيدا ، أو  كانت بعض أنواع الحيوانات (مثل الجمال) محمية.

قام رسول الله محمد- صلى الله عليه و سلم – بإنشاء حمى في جنوب المدينة المنورة وحظر الصيد داخل دائرة نصف قطرها أربعة أميال، و منع تدمير الأشجار أو النباتات داخل دائرة نصف قطرها اثنا عشر ميلا. ويظهر إنشاء المناطق المحرمة الأهمية التي وضعها – صلى الله عليه و سلم –  للاستخدام المستدام للموارد الطبيعية وحماية الحياة البرية والأراضي الزراعية.

ترجمة: ندى مناع

تدرس الهندسة الصناعية في جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا الأردنية وهي رئيسة فرع المرأة في الهندسة وممثلة الأفرع الطلابية في IEEE الأردن، مهتمة بإثراء المحتوى العربي على شبكة الإنترنت، وبمجالات الطاقة النظيفة والذكاء الاصطناعي. تحمل دبلوم في إدارة موارد بشرية وتقضي وقتها في التطوع في المجالات المختلفة.

Green Building Sector in the UAE: Perspectives

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The focus on sustainability is one of the biggest trends in the GCC’s building sector. This is underpinned by Dubai being ranked third in the list of global cities with the highest number of green certified buildings in the ‘Sustainability and Wellness in Dubai’ report by Core Savills with over 550 projects under LEED certification and the implementation of the Estidama framework in Abu Dhabi.

Paving the Way

In the UAE, the directives by the Federal and Local Government entities to establish a sustainable economy that advocates demand side-energy management, and water & energy use efficiency has encouraged real estate developers to streamline their services to support these goals. This has translated to commendable contributions in the field of energy efficiency, sustainable construction building materials, renewable energy and indoor air quality.

green building sector in UAE

There are clearly specified targets that support sustainable development including the reduction of energy and water consumption in Dubai by 30 per cent and increase the share of solar in the energy mix to 25 per cent – both by 2030. Dubai has also announced its Clean Energy Strategy to achieve 75 per cent clean energy by 2050. Across the UAE, green targets include 50 per cent clean energy in the total energy mix by 2050, and treatment of 75 per cent waste by 2021.

With such clear guidelines in place, the UAE’s real estate industry has increased its focus on sustainable buildings to comply with the current green building regulations in the UAE such as Abu Dhabi’s Estidama Pearl Rating System and the Dubai Green Building Regulations. The main developers have placed a concerted focus on the energy performance of their buildings through energy benchmarking of their properties, identifying best practices and developing strategies to increase efficiency of the built environment.

For example, Majid Al Futtaim, a corporate member of Emirates Green Building Council (EmiratesGBC), was awarded the ‘Developer of the year’ at the MENA Green Building Awards for their strong commitment toward sustainable asset management by monitoring of energy, water and waste benchmarks of their existing developments. There is also considerable innovation in green buildings as was highlighted at the 2017 MENA Green Building Awards to recognise innovation, creativity and excellence in promoting sustainability best practices. We saw a remarkable number of submissions from across the region reflecting the keen interest of public and private sectors as well as academia to drive green buildings.

In addition to green building best practices being applied right from design to construction stage, the region is also witnessing significant interest in retrofitting buildings – not just residential but also commercial – with the goal of improving the efficiency of existing buildings and reducing the carbon footprint of built environment. We see this keen interest in building efficiency as a game-changing trend for the Middle East’s real estate sector.

Role of EmiratesGBC

EmiratesGBC is an independent forum aimed at conserving the environment by strengthening and promoting green building practices, and ever since our inception in 2006, we have focused on promoting dialogue and positive action in promoting green buildings. As an independent entity, our role is to provide the inputs that support decision making and influence policy-making, The Council also encourages the private sector and the community at large to become active participants in driving sustainable built environments.

Emirates Green Building Council is playing a vital role in facilitating dialogue between the public and private sectors

Over the years, we have played a pivotal role in facilitating a dialogue between the public and private sectors, to support green building initiatives in the region, aiming to make the UAE a leader in sustainable development. We have served as a catalyst in Energy Efficiency in existing building stock through introducing technical programmes. We facilitate the growth of the energy efficiency market, and work to increase awareness and capacity building. We function as a common platform for all stakeholders in the building industry supply chain, whereby they can meet, discuss, interact, and exchange groundbreaking ideas and help promote a sustainable built environment.

Rapid Progress of Green Building Sector

The UAE has been among the first movers in embracing green building design and implementation. In fact, as early as 2007, His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, UAE Vice President & Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, announced a decree that mandated all new urban structures to conform to environment-friendly green building standards.

Over the years, the UAE has consistently revisited its sustainable development goals such as the Dubai Integrated Energy Strategy, A Green Economy for Sustainable Development in line with the UAE Vision 2021, the Dubai Clean Energy Strategy 2050 and the UAE Energy Plan for 2050. All these are drivers for the public and private sector, as well as the community, to embrace green practices.

The UAE has introduced a slew of initiatives to ensure sustainable built environments including buildings codes such as the Estidama Pearl Rating System in Abu Dhabi, which mandates that all new buildings must achieve a minimum Pearl 1 certification and all government buildings must have a minimum of 2 Pearls. Dubai Municipality has issued the Green Building Regulations and Specifications (GBR&S) for all new buildings in the emirate since March 2014, and much progress has been achieved in this regard. This has further been strengthened with the launch of Al Sa’fat, the new building rating system introduced by the Dubai Municipality.

The new system energises the ongoing initiatives to promote sustainable buildings, a key area of EmiratesGBC. In other initiatives, Dubai is the only city in the MENA region to join the Building Efficiency Accelerator (BEA) programme, to double the rate of energy efficiency by 2030. BEA is a programme under the ‘Sustainable Energy for All’ (SE4All) initiative led by the United Nations Secretary-General and funded by the Global Environment Facility.

The strong commitment of the government acts as a catalyst that drives green buildings in the UAE, which encourages de-carbonised diversification by setting targets in demand side management, and renewable energy generation. In addition to the regulations mentioned above, retrofitting initiatives such as Etihad ESCO in Dubai and the Tarsheed programme in Abu Dhabi also drive green building development.

The Way Forward

The UAE experience is a great model for the region to implement effective, efficient and tangible green building practices. There are several areas that should be prioritised – starting with a strong governmental resolve that reflects in its vision and strategy. With governmental support, the private sector is further energised to embrace green building practices. Also of critical value is the need to promote awareness.

DEWA Headquarters in Dubai is the world’s largest LEED-certified building

When EmiratesGBC was launched, dialogue on green buildings and sustainable built environments was limited. There was apprehension on the cost associated and the need for such a tactical move towards ‘green buildings.’ Over the years, through our interaction with industry stakeholders and their commendable action to make a positive change, the need for green buildings is now widely recognised for the long-term value they bring and their role in securing a greener future for the coming generations.

It is also important to undertake benchmarking projects to assess energy and water use efficiency – as we did for the hospitality sector in the UAE – so that we understand the true challenge at hand and can take corrective actions.

Similarly, we need to promote innovation and investment in the green space. We see several clean-tech start-ups in the region, who can play an important role in driving the sustainable development narrative. It is important to understand that there is no one-size-fits-all formula to promote green buildings.

Further, the green building best practices by different stakeholders such as developers, contractors, and product specialists within the built environment must be recognised and rewarded. Additionally, research and development is key in creating a market for sustainable alternatives in energy efficiency, water management, waste, and indoor environmental quality.

Each country has its own challenges and the key is to ensure a broad understanding of the need for sustainable built environments and facilitating an environment that helps accomplish it. Through awareness, education and capacity building, and promoting public-private partnerships and collaborations, we can further drive sustainable built environments in the region.

What Will Power the Future of Trains – Hydrogen or Batteries?

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Trains may seem outdated to some, but they’re one of the most eco-friendly modes of transportation. Even diesel trains produce fewer emissions per passenger per kilometer than cars and planes. Electric trains are also gaining popularity, with both battery-powered and hydrogen options available.

Given current climate concerns, the move to electric trains is inevitable. It’s not a question of whether railroads will go electric, but rather how they’ll do so. Both hydrogen and batteries show significant promise, but which technology will become the standard for future locomotives?

The hydrogen-versus-batteries debate isn’t a new one, and it likely won’t go away anytime soon. Here’s a closer look at these technologies and what they offer.

Hydrogen-Powered Trains

Hydrogen trains aren’t standard yet, but they’re becoming more prevalent. There are already hydrogen train lines in Europe, and California plans to implement one by 2022. Hydrogen power has seen applications in other areas, like space travel, but it has potential for railways, too.

hydrogen-train-netherlands

These technologies generate electricity through the chemical reaction of combining hydrogen and oxygen. Since they rely on these readily available resources, hydrogen fuel cells’ environmental impact is minimal. The only emission from this process is water, often in the form of steam, making them even more eco-friendly.

Despite these advantages, modern hydrogen-powered trains are far from perfect. Fuel cells require expensive materials, and extracting hydrogen for fuel is not an emissions-free process. Until companies find ways around these issues, hydrogen power may be inaccessible and less sustainable than it seems.

Battery-Powered Trains

Battery trains are more common than hydrogen options but are still relatively new. Batteries have been the go-to technology for other electric vehicles like cars, so implementing larger versions in trains is reasonably straightforward. Battery trains might be even more efficient than electric cars, too, since they can charge on an electrified track.

Like hydrogen fuel cells, batteries are quiet and release no emissions. Batteries, while not cheap, are typically more affordable than hydrogen fuel cells, making them more accessible. If these trains use renewably generated electricity to charge, their operation leads to fewer emissions than hydrogen alternatives.

battery-train-UK

Still, these trains have their fair share of downsides. Improper storage conditions can cause lithium-ion batteries to overheat, making their shipping more of a challenge. These batteries also take longer to recharge than hydrogen trains take to refuel, and don’t offer as much range.

Which Technology Is Superior?

With all these factors in mind, batteries and hydrogen fuel cells are more balanced than some would think. At the moment, batteries are a more accessible and viable option, but fuel cell technology will catch up before long. Railroads in the future will likely use a combination of both, not one or the other.

Just as vehicles today use both diesel and gasoline, transportation tomorrow will use both batteries and fuel cells. Some might even feature a hybrid of the two technologies. Both offer unique advantages, so different areas will implement them according to their needs.

Railways with longer commutes or more demanding schedules will likely prefer hydrogen trains. Systems that need faster and more affordable implementation will lean toward batteries. Climate change is a pressing and multi-dimensional issue, so it will take various approaches to combat it.

Building the Emission-Free Train of Tomorrow

Railways could play an essential role in lowering transportation emissions, and electric trains make them even more promising. In the immediate future, most electric trains will likely use batteries, but that technology won’t reign supreme forever. Hydrogen fuel cells or renewable hydrogen will see more implementation as they improve.

The future of railroads won’t rely on either batteries or hydrogen, but both. Together, these technologies will help various train systems meet their unique clean energy needs.

4 Factors to Consider When Starting Your Own Greenhouse

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Gardening is one of the most interesting hobbies, especially for those who have some time to get their hands dirty every once in a while. As a matter of fact, gardening doubles up as an activity that can both be a primary source of income and a side hassle, especially when done from a greenhouse. Additionally, it also provides you with the opportunity to grow your own food in your backyard or plot near your home. From veggies to citrus fruits and ornamental plants, there’s a wide variety of crops you can grow in your greenhouse or backyard garden despite the season or time of the year. This is not to mention that a garden in your backyard will also increase the financial and aesthetic value of your property if done right.

greenhouse gardening

 

Now, you’ve always dreamt of setting up a greenhouse, but you’ve never managed to do so, perhaps due to challenges such as lack of enough time or money to embark on the project. Maybe you’ve always had these, but you just didn’t know where to start. Perhaps the thought had just crossed your mind a couple of times. but you are now certain that you’re ready. Well, starting with the benefits of gardening in a greenhouse, here are some crucial pointers you want to read on how to start your dream greenhouse.

Why Garden in a Greenhouse?

Compared to open or conventional gardening, the benefits of greenhouse gardening are more than just a few. Regardless of the type, size, and structure of your greenhouse, one of the major perks is that you will always have a longer growing season. Additionally, you can garden in any weather, given that your garden will be covered and isolated from the rest of the environment.

Also, a greenhouse grants you the ability to control the temperatures to which your plants are subjected to, which gives you flexibility in that you can grow a wide variety of plants within the structure.

Moreover, you can easily protect your plants from pests and predators while avoiding the use of dangerous pesticides and keeping (or introducing) beneficial insects such as bees and butterflies to promote pollination and maximize your yield.

As mentioned earlier, a greenhouse is an asset that can also tremendously increase the value of your property in case you choose to start one in your backyard. In a nutshell, the list of reasons to start a greenhouse is endless!

Factors to Consider When Starting Your Greenhouse

1. Space

The space you have will dictate the size, design, and type of greenhouse you can start. It will also determine the types of plants you can grow in there and the maximum amount of yield you can expect. On this note, some common types of greenhouses include lean-to, detached, and ridge/furrow structures.

For gardening hobbyists who are looking to grow a small greenhouse gardening on their backyards, the lean-to type can be ideal due to space and size limitations. For commercial crop production, detached and ridge/furrow types are more favorable.

2. Decide What to Grow

By the time you’re thinking of starting a greenhouse, higher chances are that you have an idea in mind on the kinds of crops to cultivate. However, your decision will largely be based on whether you’re a hobbyist or you intend to be a commercial gardener. As for the latter, we’re looking at mass production and in this case, you’ll want to grow something that you’ll find a ready market for. Again, the best plants to grow in your greenhouse will be determined by the prospective size of your greenhouse as well as the structure, along with other factors such as soil type.

As for the latter, though, the good thing about greenhouses is that soil can always be imported into the facility as long as you know where to source it. From veggies such as cabbages, onions, spinach, kale, cucumbers, tomatoes, and carrots; to citrus fruits, grapes, strawberries, and even ornamental plants, there’s literally nothing that you can’t cultivate in a greenhouse. If you’re targeting variety, you just have to familiarize with crop combination, crop rotation, and you’re good to go. Of course, you’ll learn some of these things as you gain experience in greenhouse gardening.

3. Think Finances

It may sound like a simple venture to some, but starting a greenhouse will require a substantial amount of cash. From preparing (plus acquiring) the land to gathering supplies, buying seeds, constructing the greenhouse structure, and maintaining the greenhouse, there’s a considerable amount of costs to be incurred before you get the first and consecutive yields.

Other than saving up until you can get enough to start one, you can also borrow a personal loan or a home improvement loan to start greenhouse gardening. Remortgaging is also another popular option, especially for homeowners who’d like to start one on their property. Ted MacDonald from 1st UK Mortgaging explains that people often choose to remortgage their home rather than take out a loan because mortgages have lower interest rates. Even for those with bad credit, remortgage loans are also available, but mostly at a higher interest rate than for people with a good credit rating. For those above the age of 55, Equity release can also be a great source of financing for your greenhouse project.

4. Get Professional Help

You’ve determined your space, have an idea of what to grow; and have secured the funds (or have an idea of where to get financing) for your project. You’ve even gone ahead and done research on where to get your supplies and materials. What remains is to get professional help in preparing the land and constructing your greenhouse to get things going.

While there’s nothing wrong with using professional DIY greenhouse gardening 101 guides from the internet, the good thing with working with a professional is that they can always provide you with further advice on gardening, especially in areas such as pest control, fertilizers, the best crops to grow, and overall greenhouse maintenance, just to name a few. You may also want to take up a course in greenhouse gardening to make the most out of your new gardening hobby or venture.

In a nutshell, greenhouse gardening is an interesting hobby-cum-commercial activity. To start one, however, there are a couple of things you need to think about and put in place before embarking on the project. Luckily, the above few pointers are there to act as a simple guide you can use to see your greenhouse dream come true.