Rethinking Wind Energy: The Case for Small Wind Turbines

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Thinking about wind power brings up pictures of massive turbines sprawling out over wide fields. Yet this classic scene doesn’t show the whole story. Wind tech is getting better, and small wind turbines (SWTs) are on the rise. This technology has the potential to shake things up with a new way to use wind power. It makes it easier and more adaptable for individuals and companies to make their own clean energy, gain more energy independence, and add some green energy to the energy mix.

small wind turbines by freen

Problems with Green Energy Wide Application

Renewable energy setups like wind and solar have a bunch of challenges, high initial costs being among the biggest ones. Large wind projects require huge investments in land, permits, construction of additional infrastructure – limiting their feasibility to major energy sector players or heavily subsidized projects. They also demand specific wind conditions and extensive land area, which further restrict their potential installation sites.

Environmental worries present a whole other set of problems. Big turbines and solar panels often become hard-to-recycle waste after reaching the lifespan, which messes with renewables eco-friendly reputation. Solar energy is tops for renewing itself, but it demands stable sunlight, which makes it less viable for spots that get less daylight. Additionally, in places like Europe, market limits make it tough for little towns and companies to go for the green energy shift since finding solid local sources of clean energy gear is difficult.

The rise in popularity of small wind turbines

Small wind turbines (SWTs) are changing the renewable energy industry, solving some of the problems associated with large energy projects. Small wind turbines suit rural, residential and densely populated areas, don’t require as much initial investment, are quiet, and environmentally friendly. All of this means that wind energy can cease to be the domain of the big players, but a viable option also for communities, small businesses or even households.

Small wind turbines are an affordable option. Small turbine technology is still developing and the price for wind energy can approach that of solar. This is a key factor for households considering power from renewable energy mainly to reduce costs. It means more people, such as small businesses and ordinary people at home, can jump on the renewable energy train.

Harnessing Wind Power Locally

Local individuals and groups can gain more opportunities to meet their energy needs with small wind turbines. These devices support local power generation and help gain greater energy security through independence from the standard grid. Their presence reduces dependence on these traditional power systems and increases resilience in the event of a power failure. The compact size of the small turbines allows quick and easy installation, which is another advantage of these solutions. The process of erecting a wind turbine on ready-made foundations is just 24 to 48 hours. They are very useful in locations that are too remote or simply do not fit into the considerations of large power grids.

Local energy generation has many advantages. It makes access to energy more equal where it is not available, offering cheaper and greener ways to generate energy. This not only levels the energy playing field, but also reduces environmental damage, as the local environment does not have to be changed in order to build all the infrastructure. In addition, small wind turbines make less noise than large farms, allowing them to be installed close to households.

A Worldwide View on Little Wind Spinners

By 2012, more than 806,000 of these small wind turbines had been erected worldwide, and things have only accelerated since then. Countries such as China are erecting small wind turbines in both villages and cities to solve energy harvesting problems. As technology gets better and better, wind turbines are becoming smarter and cheaper.

The positive environmental impact of these innovations is also worth mentioning. Small wind turbines produce green energy that reduces our dependence on fossil fuels, which are behind the planet-destroying carbon dioxide emissions. A one megawatt turbine reduces more than 1,500 tonnes of CO2 emissions per year that would have been emitted by fossil fuels. Each small wind turbine adds to this total.

Conclusion

As the world transitions to renewable energy, small wind turbines are gaining recognition as a key solution in decentralized energy production. Offering a sustainable, cost-effective and versatile source of energy, small wind turbines are not only accelerating the global energy transition but are doing so in a way that is accessible to individuals, communities and industry alike.

Upgrading wind power with small wind turbines is a breakthrough in the green energy game. It is a much easier, cheaper and more accessible way for local communities and businesses to get energy from wind.

Everything You Should Know About Atmospheric Rivers

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Atmospheric rivers actually mean rivers of water in our skies. But what is the science behind this phenomena that can become a very serious threat across regions of the globe. An atmospheric river (also known as AR) is a long and narrow flowing stream of water, actually condensed water vapour, in the atmosphere. It is capable of producing significant levels of rain and snow. When the atmospheric river moves across land and over mountainous terrain, the water vapour rises and cools to create very heavy precipitation or snowfall.

atmospheric river

Many atmospheric rivers are of moderate size but some are exceptionally powerful and extremely large producing excessive rainfall and floods. These extreme occurrences are responsible for severe and almost instantaneous downpour of flood waters that disrupt normal lifestyle. The extreme rainfall results in extreme, serious flooding that is often associated with destructive mudflows, and mudslides down steep terrain causing extreme damage to property and severe loss of life.

A strong AR transports water vapour equivalent to 7.5-15 times the average flow in the Mississippi River in the United States. An atmospheric river system is part of the global water system and on occasions, its severity has devastating impact on the land terrain it traverses.. They make a serious contribution to the water supply but are also associated with very severe and extreme flooding.

The term, atmospheric rivers came into existence in the 1990’s when these narrow moisture plumes became more pronounced in our atmospheric systems. On average, an AR is between 250 – 375 miles (400-600km) wide. They are typically very long in comparison to their width. There are typically 3-5 such moisture plumes or ‘rivers’ present in the global moisture system at any one time.

The actual modelling of these moisture systems is based on the integrated water vapour transport (IVT) associated with these systems. The models predict the measure of water vapour over a series of multiple time steps (or sequences). This is more informative that the static value of water vapour depth in a column of air, known as the integrated water volume. The IVT is also more in keeping with the formation of orographic precipitation. This is when moist air is forced up over mountainous terrain producing rainfall.

schematic of atmospheric river

There is a five-level scale introduced by the Script Institution of Oceanography in 2019. This scale is based on the 3-hour average of maximum vertically integrated water vapour transport (IVT).  The atmospheric river is categorised from “weak” to “exceptional” in strength,  and from “beneficial” to “hazardous” in impact. The amount of water vapour transported and the duration of the event are incorporated into the scale. The initial ranking is based on the 3-hour average IVT.

The severe flooding and devastation associated with these systems is capable of massive destruction across the area impacted, yet it can also provide significantly to the regional water supply and snow pack in mountainous areas. The more severe occurrences of these moisture plumes are those that reach the main news streams and weather forecast channels as they are predicted to result in extensive power outages, as well as massive destruction to natural environments and human infrastructures.  This destruction is typically in the form of rapid flooding, mudslides and road slips, rock displacement and mudflows over powering waterflows. This is further exasperated  by the almost instantaneous flooding that occurs.

A well documented occurrence of this phenomena is the “Pineapple Express” that originates over the waters of Hawaii. The tropical waters are transported across the Pacific to the west coast of the US.

The Art and Science of Caring for Our Trees

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Planting a tree is just the first step of a lengthy journey of loving and caring for nature.  And in return, nature provides shade, food, clean air. Collectively, the trees in our garden, or community parks represent life, growth, peace and harmony. It is a serious undertaking. Caring for trees is both an art and a science.

tree care tips

Planting a tree is a complex exercise. It is far more than digging a hole and setting the roots deep into the soil, watering and covering the roots and lower stem of the juvenile tree. It is going to need mulching, feeding, trimming and training, clipping and pruning. As a tree care expert, you are managing the growth of the tree to suit and compliment the environment in which its planted.

Your goal is to achieve a sustainable, blossom blooming, fruit producing, maturing tree. At the same time, you want it to compliment the garden space in terms of spatial beauty and unity. The tree needs to be managed to optimise its visual impact so that it’s both pleasing to the eye and functional in terms of effectiveness, whether as a shade tree, a fruit producing tree or a blooming array of color and scent.

As a gardener and caretaker of trees, you are constantly working to ensure good tree health, wide and open tree structure to ensure adequate light, and space so that the tree can achieve its full potential as a structure of beauty and productivity. Pruning, little and often, rather a total wipe out, lope off, chainsaw approach. Afterall, the aim is to have sustainable and viable tree.

There might be a need for canopy lifting to provide clearance for pedestrians and vehicles. This will also ensure adequate light penetration and air movement across the branches and through the leaves. Canopy topping might be required to avoid contact with overhead powerlines, or reaching too far across into the neighbour’s space. This is another step towards a sustainable tree, retaining the tree’s assets and securing a mature tree.

mulch from tree shavings

This thinning of the leaf canopy achieves a number of  benefits. The thinning of leaf foliage will allow for greater light penetration and wind movement through the canopy or ‘crown’ of the tree. It will allow the foliage to open up wide and not be brushing up against other branches. Fruits will be more plentiful and sweeter from exposure to more sunlight. In turn, this will reduce the weight of the tree limbs and should also enhance the beauty of the natural appearance of the tree. Collectively, this will make your garden more visually pleasing, reduce the chances of disease,  mould or fungus, produce a more bountiful crop of fruit, and prolong the life of the tree.

It may appear like a lot of work but the rewards will far outweigh the physical labour required by you through the seasons and over the years. You will have the benefits of shade and beauty, and fruits, all provided by nature. You merely feed and water, mulch and prune. The tree does all the growing and production work. So allow yourself to enjoy the beauty of nature in your own outdoor areas.

5 Astuces Pour être au Chaud Cet Hiver

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Même dans le confort de notre propre maison, la saison la plus froide et la plus rude de l’année nous pousse à nous précipiter sur radiateurs, pulls, couvertures et manteaux supplémentaires. Mais ce n’est certainement pas une fatalité : grâce à plusieurs changements très simples, dites adieu à la fraîcheur hivernale de votre foyer et bienvenue à une chaleur douillette et accueillante.

1. Éliminez les courants d’air

Une maison chaleureuse, ce n’est pas qu’un bon chauffage, c’est aussi la capacité à retenir la chaleur. C’est le rôle de l’isolation. Pour empêcher la déperdition thermique, il faut consolider les zones vulnérables telles que les fenêtres et les portes.

draught proofing your home

Heureusement, ces courants d’air peuvent être éliminés à peu de frais. Investissez dans du calfeutrage à bas prix, ou si vous vous débrouillez en bricolage, fabriquez le vôtre entièrement à partir de matériaux que vous avez sûrement déjà chez vous.

2. Optez pour un chauffage efficace avec un circulateur d’eau chaude sanitaire

Il est judicieux d’investir dans l’installation d’une pompe de circulation pour nombre de raisons. Non seulement votre maison sera équipée d’un approvisionnement instantané en eau chaude, le chauffage et la distribution de l’eau dans votre maison seront plus efficaces qu’avec une chaudière classique.

Les pompes de circulation centrales sont équipées de pompes à rotor noyé à commande électrique. Cela permet à la pompe de s’adapter intelligemment à l’évolution de la demande de votre système et de fournir une efficacité maximale permanente.

3. Tirez les rideaux

Pour faire des économies de chauffage sans dépenser un rond, il est absolument essentiel d’ouvrir et fermer les rideaux en fonction du soleil. Exploitez l’énergie thermique naturelle du soleil autant que possible. Ouvrez vos rideaux en journée pour conserver la chaleur.

Il est tout aussi important de fermer les rideaux après le coucher du soleil. Plus vos rideaux sont épais, plus vous conserverez la chaleur.

4. Empêchez l’évacuation de chaleur par la cheminée

Les cheminées sont une source de perte de chaleur souvent négligée à la maison. Leur fermeture n’est pourtant pas bien compliquée : les ballons de cheminée sont une solution abordable qui coûte environ 20 £ (24 €) que vous pouvez poser à l’intérieur de la cheminée à l’abri des regards. Ensuite, gonflez-les jusqu’à ce qu’ils prennent suffisamment d’espace pour bloquer le passage d’air froid et piéger la chaleur sortante.

5. Conservez la chaleur de vos radiateurs

D’ordinaire réservé à l’emballage des repas, le papier aluminium peut servir à conserver la chaleur. Placé derrière le radiateur, le papier aluminium reflète la chaleur et la renvoie dans la pièce, au lieu la laisser s’échapper à travers les murs.

ground source heat pump

Vous verrez déjà la différence avec l’aluminium disponible dans vos placards de cuisine, mais si vous souhaitez un effet plus prononcé, il faudra mettre la main au portefeuille et se procurer du papier aluminium spécial. Mais après tout, avec un prix inférieur à 10 £ (12 €), vous en aurez pour votre argent.

Derniers mots

Vous l’aurez compris, avoir chaud chez soi ne demande pas d’efforts gargantuesques : rien de plus que quelques changements mineurs et faciles à mettre en œuvre. Le fait d’équiper votre logement d’un chauffage plus efficace et plus efficient offre également des avantages pécuniaires. Si la perspective d’un logement plus chaleureux ne suffit pas à appliquer certain changements, l’intérêt financier constitue certainement une motivation supplémentaire.

Translator: Cécile Lamhene

Cécile Lamhene est une traductrice indépendante de l’anglais vers le français. Après un master en traduction juridique, économique et technique à l’université de Lille, elle se spécialise dans le développement durable dans la région MENA et s’intéresse entre autres à l’agriculture, à l’élevage, à l’ingénierie, à l’énergie et à la gestion de l’eau.

Note: The original English version of the article is available at this link.

The Current State of the Solar Industry: An Overview

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It is projected that in the near future, solar power might actually overtake other sources of electricity generation. Notably, a lot of concerns has been raised concerning the defects that are brought about by fossil fuels. These encroaching dangers that negatively work against other fossil fuels have led to the rejuvenation of the solar energy industry. The solar industry is now working on their policies to come up with a more realistic and achievable form that will see the industry emerge the best energy provider in the whole world. All this is achievable when the environment and the investors are willing to embrace.

significance of logistics services for solar business

According to the report on the US solar energy policy, they are now inventing the best policies that will see the solar energy integrated into almost all the US electricity systems. It will also design the most efficient and convenient ways to supply solar energy.

Also Read: 4 Myths About Solar Power, Debunked

New solar technologies will be built to fit the energy requirement since the sufficiency is the key here. All this seems to be realizable since a serious climate concerns has been raised and it is now clear that new ways and new power systems need to be embraced to mitigate the climate change that are attributed to fossil fuels.

Among the best kinds of solar energy systems that will likely be embraced are the photovoltaic, solar thermal and concentrated solar power (CSP). The solar industries are now aligning themselves in what they are best in and that is why new gadgets that utilize the solar power are now injected into the market. You will find all kinds ranging from the cheapest and less efficient to the superior and the most expensive solar panels.

It is now possible to get a solar powered helmet, a solar-powered water pump, the D-light solar and even other complex provisions like those installed in the big restaurants. Batteries also will utilize this solar power and actually, it has prevented be the most efficient and convenient form of power with less environmental hazards.

“Solar energy presents an opportunity for property owners across the UK but there is a lot of uncertainty over what the benefits are in real terms and what the figures really mean for householders.” Alastair Kay, Green Business Watch

Solar energy is undoubtedly the cheapest and the most convenient source of renewable power. It is actually the most affordable and it only requires the initial cost and the rest will be naturally supplied by the sun, this explains its relatively high uptake compared with some other newer energy technologies.

The major concerns on the environmental conservation and health concerns also add a more realistic view of the possibility of the resurrection of the solar power again. Though major setbacks have been previously observed in the industry, especially after the election of the US president Donald Trump who had a different opinion about climate change, and that is why only 2 % of the US uses solar power.

Despite this small setback, the current state of the solar energy industry seems to be appealing. It is actually promising and the industry should invent more attractive policies that will see it prosper. The need of the house is to develop more realistic and powerful solar inventions which may allow even larger industries to use solar energy in their day-to-day operations.

A Historic Timeline Of Renewable Energy

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The oldest and most prominent sources of renewable energy can be separated into five clear categories – hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and bioenergy. To document the history of these renewable energy sources from primitive use through the industrial revolution and into the 21st century, Compare the Market has created an infographic that tracks the known timeline of each source.

chronology-renewable-energy

The research that went into informing the infographic also touches on the future of each energy source, including the countries that are leading the way by means of capacity and implementation of new technologies.

Some of the most interesting developments across all five renewable energy sources that are covered in the infographic include:

  • The first form of renewable energy, used in the Palaeolithic Age
  • Invention of the first water wheel, windmill and solar panel
  • Creation of the ‘Hotbox’ – a rectangular wooden box with a glass top that can boil water
  • The launch of the first spacecraft to use solar panels
  • Completion of the world’s largest hydroelectric powerplant

The supporting research also revealed some insights that look towards the future. When looking at the top countries with the capacity to install each type of renewable energy, statistics indicate that Italy and the United States are the only countries that consistently appear in the top ten for all five sources discussed in the research. This suggests that they could be leading the way in the global race towards efficient use of renewable energy sources.

renewable-energy

As for which source is likely to have the biggest impact in the future, hydropower is expected to remain the largest source of renewable electricity in the world for quite some time. East Asia and the Pacific is currently the largest hydropower producing region, however the global count for hydroelectric power capacity reached a staggering 150 countries in 2019, due to its affordability, reliability and sustainability.

Sources of Information

  1. Cutler J. Cleveland, Concise encyclopedia of the history of energy, 2009. Published by Academic Press. Page 265, 269
  2. International Renewable Energy Agency – Country Rankings: https://www.irena.org/Statistics/View-Data-by-Topic/Capacity-and-Generation/Country-Rankings
  3. International Hydropower Association – 2022 Hydropower Status Report

إحراق الغاز وهدره في العراق: قضية ملتهبة

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منذ أن بدأ إنتاج النفط الخام في القرن التاسع عشر كان حرق الغاز وهدره متلازمان معه حيث وجدت الشركات المستخرجة للنفط  بل وبعض الحكومات ايضا، أن الغاز المصاحب هو مصدر إزعاج وانه من الضروري التخلص منه او اتلافه بطريقة او باخرى إذا كان  لإنتاج النفط الخام ان يستمرم ويزيد إنتاجه. لكن قيمة الغاز كمصدر للطاقة وفوائده البيئية بدأت تتحق تدريجيًا ، وأدخلت بعض الحكومات أنظمة للحد من حرق الغاز إلى الحد الأدنى. ومع ذلك ، لا تزال المشكلة قائمة لدينا ، وتشير تقديرات البنك الدولي والذي اسس المبادرة العالمية للحد من حرق الغاز إلى أن حرق الغاز في عام 2017 كان عند مستوى 140 مليار متر مكعب.

 لقد انشا البنك الدولي هذه المبادرة بهدف الوصول إلى انهاء  أي حريق روتيني بحلول عام 2030 وقد بذلت البلدان العربية ، باستثناء العراق ، كأكبر منتجي للنفط الخام ، جهودًا كبيرة للحد من حرق الغاز واستخدام الفائض الناتج عن ذلك  لتوليد الطاقة وانتاج المواد الخام لصناعة الأسمدة والبتروكيماويات. في عام 2013 ، كان إنتاجهم من النفط الخام يقترب من 24 مليون برميل يوميا وحرق الغاز عند 21.8 مليار متر مكعب. وبحلول عام 2017 ، بلغ إنتاج النفط الخام أكثر من 26 مليون برميل يوميا ، وزاد حرق الغاز إلى 25.5 مليار متر مكعب. وجاءت معظم الزيادة في اشتعال الغاز من العراق حيث ارتفع إنتاج النفط في تلك الفترة من 3.0 إلى 4.5 مليون برميل يوميا ، في حين ارتفع معدل حرق الغاز من 13.3 إلى 17.8 مليار متر مكعب. ويتعين على العراق أن يتعلم من جيرانه الشروع في برنامج للتخفيض في إشعال النار إذا أراد الوفاء بوعد وزير النفط العراقي بالتوصل إلى انهار صارم للحرق بحلول عام 2021 ، وهو وعد متفائل للغاية غير مدعم باي  إجراء حازم على الأرض.

وتشير التقارير إلى أن العراق يتلف حوالي 62 في المائة من إنتاجه من الغاز ، أي ما يعادل 196000 برميل من النفط الخام يومياً. فاذا كان سعر برميل النفط 70 دولار ، فإن المورد المهدر يساوي ما يقرب من 45 مليار دولار ، وهو ما كان كافياً لبناء صناعة غاز جديدة بالكامل.لقد ارتفع إنتاج واستخدام الغاز في العراق في الآونة الأخيرة إلى 29.4 و 13.8 مليار متر مكعب سنوياً على التوالي ، مما يعني أن حرق الغاز قد ارتفع أيضًا إلى 15.9 مليار متر مكعب. وهذا يعادل حوالي 260،000 ألف برميل في اليوم أو خسارة تبلغ حوالي 20 مليون دولار في اليوم. ولسد الحاجة من الغاز في محطات الطاقة ، لجأ العراق إلى استيراده من إيران بدلاً من زيادة القدرة على المعالجة وزيادة شبكة النقل والتوزيع.

قد تصل إمكانات الاتفاقات مع إيران في نهاية المطاف إلى استيراد أكثر من 18 مليار متر مكعب سنوياً بتكلفة تقدر بـ10.56 دولار لكل مليون وحدة حرارية بريطانية ، وهو سعر أعلى بكثير من نظيره في الأسواق الدولية. وبما أنه من المتوقع أن يزداد إنتاج العراق من النفط الخام ، فسوف يتبع ذلك إنتاج الغاز بالتناسب ، وإذا لم تتم زيادة المعالجة والاستخدام ، سيزداد حرق الغاز أيضا.

نفذت شركة غاز الجنوب وشركة البصرة للغاز في الآونة الأخيرة بعض الإجراءات لاستعادة الغاز المشتعل في حقول النفط الجنوبية في العراق. إذا حكمنا من خلال حجم ونتائج هذه المشاريع يصبح من الواضح.

حجم هذه القضية. وهذا يعني أنه ما لم يتم التوقيع على المزيد من المشاريع والتعجيل بها ، فإن العراق سيواصل حرق الغاز. وهي تحتاج على الأقل إلى طاقة معالجة إضافية تبلغ حوالي 10 مليار متر مكعب سنوياً مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار إنتاجها المتوقع من النفط. إن الاستخدام الفعال للغاز في العراق سيخلق فرص عمل ، وزيادة في الإيرادات ، وتطوير صناعات أخرى ، والأهم من ذلك تقليل الانبعاثات الضارة ، وأخيرا مساعدة البيئة.

Alternative Energy Prospects in Morocco

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Morocco, being the largest energy importer in North Africa, is making concerted efforts to reduce its reliance on imported fossil fuels. The country currently imports 95% of its energy needs which creates strong dependence on foreign energy imports. Renewable energy is an attractive proposition as Morocco has almost complete dependence on imported energy carriers. Morocco is already spending over US$3 billion a year on fuel and electricity imports and is experiencing power demand growth of 6.5 per cent a year. Morocco is investing heavily in the power sector by building new power plants such as expansion of coal power plant in JorfLasfer and establishment new coal power plant near Safi.

According to the Moroccan Ministry of Energy and Mining, the total installed capacity of renewable energy (excluding hydropower) was approximately 300MW in 2011. The Moroccan Government has already achieved its target of supplying around 8% of total primary energy from renewables by 2012 which includes energy generation, conversion and distribution. Morocco is planning USD13 billion expansion of wind, solar and hydroelectric power generation capacity which would catapult the share of renewables in the energy mix to 42% by the year 2020, with solar, wind and hydro each contributing 14%. 

Wind Energy

The technical potential of wind energy in Morocco is estimated to be 25 GW. This is the equivalent to 5 times the current installed power capacity in Morocco, and reflects the huge potential in this clean energy source. Morocco has already installed almost 300 MW wind turbines and other projects are being implemented. At the same time, Morocco launched a wind energy plan consisting in the installation of 2000 MW by 2020. Many experts state that Morocco will install total capacities beyond this plan. In fact, wind energy is already cost competitive with respect to conventional energy resources, and due to the technological progress, the cost is even being reduced significantly. Most of the already implemented projects and those being implemented or planned, are developed by public organisations or within the framework of agreements with public organisations.

Solar Energy

The German International Cooperation Agency (GIZ) estimated the potential of solar energy in Morocco to be equivalent to 1500 times the national consumption of electricity. Morocco has invested in solar home systems (SHS) to electrify households in the rural areas. Morocco has launched one of the world’s largest and most ambitious solar energy plan with investment of USD 9billion. The Ain Beni Mather Integrated Solar Thermal Combined Cycle Power Station is one of the most promising solar power projects in Africa.  The plant combines solar power and thermal power, and is expected to reach production capacity of 250MW by the end of 2012. y building mega-scale solar power projects at five location — Laayoune (Sahara), Boujdour (Western Sahara), Tarfaya (south of Agadir), Ain Beni Mathar (center) and Ouarzazate — with modern solar thermal, photovoltaic and concentrated solar power mechanisms.

Hydropower

Morocco is planning to add a total of 2 GW new hydropower capacities, consisting mainly in small and medium stations. This plan should be achieved by 2020, and combined with 2 GW solar energy and 2 GW wind energy capacities would, add a total 6GW renewable energy capacities, which will supply 42% of the Moroccan electricity in 2020. 

Biomass Energy

Unfortunately there is no national strategy to exploit biomass energy in Morocco. However, there are many potential projects which could promote biomass energy sector in the country, such as waste-to-energy, biofuels and biogas from abundant feedstock like solid wastes, crop wastes, industrial wastes etc. The agronomic research has demonstrated the adaptability of new energetic plants to the arid zones. These plants such as Jatropha urcas, could be cultivated in the arid zone in Morocco, and be exploited for biofuels production and as a green barrier against desertification. Like solar and wind, the biomass energy sector also requires support and investment from the government and private sector.

Conclusions

Morocco is endowed with tremendous alternative energy resources which can be exploited to meet national energy requirements as well as export of surplus power to neighbouring countries. Due to its geographical position, Morocco could be a hub for renewable energy exchange between the European Union and North Africa. Renewable energy sector can create good employment opportunities and can also strengthen country’s economy. However, the government should liberalize renewable energy market, encourage public-private partnership and create mass environmental awareness to increase the share of renewable in the national energy mix.

5 Tips On How To Successfully Trade On Forex

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So you have finally decided to try your hand in trading Forex. Although it seems quite simple, a little help drafted from the professionals’ experience is always welcome. Here is how to start trading forex on the right foot and make your trading successful.

1. Always go for regulated brokerage

There are so many offers today when it comes to brokerage services. Although you may have stumbled upon the one that exactly matches what you need, you need to be careful. Always check if the broker is not on the blacklist. Some brokers, at some point, fail to comply with the best business practices. And therefore some are put on these lists by financial authorities. Your duty is to be cautious if you don’t want to fall into the hands of some scammers.

How To Successfully Trade On Forex

2. Carefully choose the currency pairs

As you already know, the core feature of the Forex market is its volatility. The prices change and are correlated. Prices are also correlated with the other markets, primarily commodities.

When you start trading on Forex, don’t go straight for the exotic pairs but choose those from more stable countries and economies. At one point, you may switch to exotic pairs, but just once, you learn the ropes of the most prominent currencies.

3. Have a trading plan at hand

You cannot trade out of the blue just randomly opening positions for various amounts and various pairs at a time. You must have a strict trading plan on when, why and how you invest the money. According to the fxspire website, The first rule is not to trade with the money you need for other everyday expenses. Also, you should try to start two currency pairs for the sake of diversification and coverage of losses, just in case.

Always bear in mind how much you want to play with during one trading session, and make sure to set the limits regarding stop loss and taking a profit.

4. Implement compounding strategy

All the profits you make use for the other investments. It’s a very good strategy that can bring you decent profits in the long term. This is one of the crucial strategies in finance and is similar to a snowball effect.

5. Know you investments

Before investing any money, you need to thoroughly understand the assets you are investing in. When we talk about the Forex, there is a good reason you will have to deal with the fundamental analysis on other markets such as commodities. This is because some currency prices are linked to the prices of gold, copper, iron ore etc.

Finally, do yourself a favour and don’t start trading without tapping free education resources. Just armoured with the appropriate first-hand knowledge, you will be able to get the edge on the market.

In Conclusion

Maybe many of you think that Forex is very complicated. The truth is somewhere in the middle. It all depends on your initial approach and the seriousness and dedication to achieving the primary goal- making money.

Recommended Resource: How to Trade CFDs

How is Crumb Rubber Produced and What are Its Uses

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More than 1 billion tires are discarded around the world every year. Disposal of waste tires is a challenging task because tires have a long life and are non-biodegradable. The traditional method of tire waste management is stockpiling or illegally dumping or landfilling, all of which are short-term solution.

Crumb rubber is a term used for recycled rubber from automotive and truck scrap tires. The two major technologies for producing crumb rubber are ambient mechanical grinding and cryogenic grinding. Of the two processes, cryogenic process is more expensive but it produces smoother and smaller crumbs.

how is crumb rubber produced

Ambient Mechanical Grinding

In ambient mechanical grinding process, the breaking up of a scrap tire happens at or above normal room temperature. Ambient grinding is a multi-step technology and uses whole or pre-treated car or truck tires in the form of shred or chips, or sidewalls or treads. The rubbers, metals and textiles are sequentially separated out. Tires are passed through a tire shredder, which breaks the tires into chips.

The chips are fed into a granulator that breaks them into small pieces while removing steel and fiber in the process. Any remaining steel is removed magnetically and fiber through a combination of shaking screens and wind sifters. Finer rubber particles can be obtained through further grinding in secondary granulators and high-speed rotary mills.

Ambient grinding is the production process used by the majority of crumb producers. The machines most commonly used for fine grinding in ambient plants are:

  • Secondary granulators
  • High speed rotary mills
  • Extruders or screw presses
  • Cracker mills

Cryogenic Grinding

Cryogenic grinding refers to the grinding of scrap tires at temperatures near minus 80oC using liquid nitrogen or commercial refrigerants. Cryogenic processing generally uses pre-treated car or truck tires as feedstock, most often in the form of chips or ambiently produced granulate.

Processing of scrap tires takes place at very low temperature using liquid nitrogen or commercial refrigerants to embrittle the rubber. It can be a four-phase system which includes initial size reduction, cooling, separation, and milling. The material enters a freezing chamber where liquid nitrogen is used to cool it from –80 to –120 °C, below the point where rubber ceases to behave as a flexible material and can be easily crushed and broken.

recycling of scrap tires

Because of its brittle state, fibres and metal are easily separated out in a hammer mill. The granulate then passes through a series of magnetic screens and sifting stations to remove the last vestiges of impurities. This process requires less energy than others and produces rubber crumb of much finer quality.

Uses of Crumb Rubber

Both ambient and cryogenic processing can be repeated to produce finer particles. Increasingly, the two with their attendant technologies, are combined into one continuous system in order to benefit from the advantages and characteristics of each and to reduce overall costs.

The ambient system is generally used for the initial size reduction phases. The cryogenic system is used to further reduce the material in size and then to remove the metals and textiles. The outputs from either or both systems can be used directly or as feedstock for further processing.

Rubber crumb is sold as feedstock for chemical devulcanization or pyrolysis processes, added to asphalt for highway paving and pavement sealers, or used for the production of a large number of recycled rubber-containing products.

Some of the major applications of crumb rubber are as follows:

1. Sport Surfaces

  • Kindergarten Playgrounds and Recreation Areas
  • School Sports Areas
  • Athletic Tracks
  • Tennis and Basketball Courts

2. Automotive Industry

  • Bumpers
  • Splash Guards and Fenders
  • Floor Mats for Cars and Trucks
  • Floor Liners for Trucks and Vans

3. Construction

  • Hospital, Industrial, and Bathroom Flooring
  • Floor Tile
  • Foundation Waterproofing
  • Dam, Silo, and Roof Liners

4. Geotechnical/Asphalt Applications

  • Rubberized Asphalt for Roads and Driveways
  • Drainage Pipes
  • Soil Conditioner
  • Porous Irrigation Pipes
  • Road Building and Repair

5. Adhesives and Sealants

  • Adhesives and Sealing Compounds
  • Textured and Non-Slip Paints
  • Roof Coating and Waterproofing

6. Shock Absorption and Safety Products

  • Shock Absorbing Pads for Rails and Machinery
  • Sound Barriers for Highways
  • Abrasion Lining in Mining Equipment

7. Rubber and Plastic Products

  • Pipe Insulation and Lining
  • Garbage Cans
  • Shoe Soles and Heels
  • Wire and Cable Insulation

Revolutionizing Urban Spaces with Living Walls: Enhancing Sustainability and Aesthetics in Cities

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Urban environments often struggle with pollution, heat, and a lack of green space. Living walls offer a transformative solution by enhancing air quality, reducing urban heat, and promoting biodiversity. These vertical gardens not only beautify concrete landscapes but also provide essential ecosystem services that are vital for sustainable city living.

As cities continue to grow, innovative approaches to design and architecture have become necessary. Living walls can be integrated into both new structures and existing buildings, making them a versatile option for urban planners and architects alike. This trend illustrates how integrating nature into urban design can lead to healthier, more vibrant communities.

living wall design

The benefits of living walls extend beyond aesthetics. Studies indicate that they can significantly lower energy costs and improve mental well-being. By exploring the impact of these green structures on urban life, readers will discover how living walls can reshape cities for the better.

Concept of Living Walls

Living walls represent an innovative approach to urban greenery, integrating plant life within vertical structures. They do not only enhance aesthetics but also bring health benefits to the people.

Historical Evolution

The concept of living walls has ancient roots. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, often cited as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, showcased garden designs that included elevated plant structures.

In the modern era, vertical gardens gained popularity in the late 20th century, particularly with the work of French botanist Patrick Blanc. His innovative techniques involved using hydroponics and various plant species to create self-sustaining green walls.

Subsequent advancements in technology and materials have further facilitated the implementation of living walls in urban environments, making them more accessible.

Definition and Core Principles

Living walls, also known as vertical gardens or green walls, are structures that incorporate living vegetation. They can be mounted on walls, fences, or free-standing panels.

Key principles include:

  • Plant Selection: Uses native, adaptive, or ornamental plants to ensure biodiversity and resilience.
  • Growing Medium: Incorporates soil, hydroponic systems, or other substrates to support plant growth.
  • Irrigation Systems: Employs automated or manual systems for water distribution, promoting healthy plants.

The integration of these elements contributes to energy savings, air purification, and enhanced aesthetic appeal.

Benefits of Living Walls in Urban Environments

Living walls offer numerous advantages in urban settings, positively impacting the environment, society, and the economy. These benefits enhance the quality of life in cities while promoting sustainability.

Environmental Impact

Living walls significantly improve air quality by filtering pollutants and producing oxygen. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and other volatile organic compounds, contributing to a healthier atmosphere.

Additionally, they regulate building temperatures. Plants provide shade and insulation, reducing the need for air conditioning in summer and heating in winter. This leads to energy conservation and lower utility costs.

Living walls also promote biodiversity. They create habitats for birds, insects, and other wildlife, enhancing urban ecosystems. By integrating green spaces into cities, living walls play a crucial role in mitigating urban heat islands and managing stormwater runoff.

Social and Psychological Effects

The presence of living walls positively influences mental well-being. They contribute to stress reduction and an enhanced mood among city dwellers. Access to green spaces is linked with improved mental health, fostering a connection to nature.

These green installations can also create social spaces. Community-focused designs encourage interaction and engagement among residents. People are drawn to vibrant, green areas, often leading to increased community cohesion.

Moreover, living walls can enhance aesthetic appeal. Attractive greenery transforms urban landscapes, making them more inviting. This can lead to increased foot traffic and a revitalized local culture.

Economic Advantages

Living walls provide economic benefits by increasing property values. Research shows that buildings with green features are often more desirable, leading to higher market rates.

They can also attract businesses. Establishments in vibrant areas with green features tend to draw more customers, enhancing local economies. Living walls may lead to reduced energy costs, which is an advantage for both businesses and residents.

Finally, governmental incentives may support the installation of living walls. Many municipalities offer grants or tax benefits for green infrastructure projects, making them more financially feasible for developers and homeowners.

Designing and Implementing Living Walls

Creating living walls involves several critical components, including careful site selection, appropriate plant choices, and effective irrigation systems. Each element contributes significantly to the functionality and sustainability of the installation.

Site Selection and Wall Preparation

Choosing the right location for a living wall is crucial. Factors such as sunlight exposure, wind patterns, and potential obstructions must be considered. Walls facing south or southwest typically receive the most sunlight, benefiting plant growth.

Proper wall preparation includes ensuring a sturdy structure that can support the weight of the plants and their growing medium. The surface should be cleaned and waterproofed to prevent damage to the underlying wall. Additionally, the installation should allow for airflow to mitigate moisture buildup, which can lead to mold or rot.

Plant Selection and Maintenance Requirements

Selecting the right plant species is vital for a successful living wall. Factors to consider include climate, light availability, and wall orientation. Native plants are ideal due to their adaptability and lower maintenance needs.

Maintenance requirements should be outlined prior to installation. This includes pruning, fertilizing, and monitoring for pests. A diverse plant selection can improve resilience, as different species may respond uniquely to environmental changes. Regular assessments will ensure the wall remains vibrant and healthy.

living walls in urban spaces

Irrigation and Drainage Systems

Effective irrigation is essential for sustaining living walls. A well-designed system can include drip irrigation, which delivers water directly to the roots, minimizing waste. Timers can be implemented to automate watering schedules, ensuring consistent moisture levels.

Drainage systems are equally important. They prevent water accumulation, which can cause root rot. Incorporating a drainage layer in the wall’s design allows excess water to escape, promoting healthier plant growth. Regular inspection of irrigation and drainage systems is necessary to ensure they function properly and efficiently.

Case Studies and Model Projects

Living walls have become a prominent feature in urban design, showcasing their ecological benefits and aesthetic appeal. Various cities have implemented these installations, serving as successful models for future projects.

Successful Urban Installations

Cities like Singapore and Paris have prioritized living walls to enhance urban biodiversity and aesthetics. In Singapore, the Parkroyal on Pickering hotel features extensive vertical gardens that not only reduce energy consumption but also improve air quality. This innovative design integrates nature seamlessly into the urban landscape, attracting both tourists and residents.

In Paris, the Mur Vegetal project by Patrick Blanc has transformed drab building façades into vibrant living walls. With over 15,000 plants from various species, this installation contributes to urban cooling and biodiversity. These projects illustrate the practical benefits of living walls, providing valuable lessons for other urban areas.

Innovative Designs and Technology Integration

Modern living walls incorporate advanced technologies to optimize plant health and sustainability. Hydroponic systems are commonly used, providing plants with nutrients through water solutions, minimizing soil-related issues.

Smart irrigation systems, like those seen in installations across Los Angeles, monitor moisture levels and weather conditions. This technology ensures efficient water usage, promoting a green ecosystem while conserving resources.

Another notable example is the Green Wall at the Barbican Centre in London. It uses a detailed irrigation and nutrient delivery system, supporting plant growth in a variety of conditions. Such technological integration enhances the viability and longevity of living walls in urban environments.

The Importance of Planting Trees in Islam

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There is an inseparable relation between the environment and our soul. Islamic teachings on environment offer a completely integrated view of the Universe where human souls and the environment are all part of one living, conscious whole. The Holy Quran exhorts us to live a balanced, moderate and sustainable life without causing any harm to the Earth.

It says, “And do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption.” (2:60) and “And do not desire corruption in the land. Indeed, God does not like corruptors.” (28:77).

planting a tree

In the Quranic view, corruption on earth is not confined to only political crimes such as frauds, theft, rape, illegal banking or other prevalent malpractices. Deforestation, toxic waste, pesticides, and cutting trees are also part of grave corruption and hence brazen violation of true Islamic universal values.

To wage an eco-Jihad will be a noble effort, to please God and to ensure that we experience heavenly bliss in this world and the Hereafter. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) spent all his life in an eco-Jihad, saving humankind, caring for other creations, preserving the earth, planting trees and protecting the environment at large.

importance of planting trees in Islam

When Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was just 12, he travelled to Syria with his uncle and took shelter under a tree. Today, after more than 1400 years, the same tree is alive in the northern deserts of Jordan. This tree, which sheltered the Prophet (SAW), is the only living tree in hundreds of square miles of emptiness. It speaks volumes about the Prophet’s utmost care for the preservation of trees. He left behind a living inspiration for all humankind to go green, for his holy shrine is known as “the Green Tomb”. Greatly venerated by Muslims the world over, it is one of the most visited Islamic heritage sites. The Companions of the Prophet (SAW) were also keen on planting trees, protecting wildlife and other acts of environmental stewardship.

A famous quote of The Prophet (peace be upon him) powerfully highlights the importance of environmental conservation –

“Whoever plants a tree and diligently looks after it until it matures and bears fruit is rewarded”.

There are many Hadith emphasizing the need to go green, preserving natural resources, protecting wildlife, showing kindness towards animals and birds, planting trees and living moderately.

quran-environment-protection

According to Prophet Muhammad (SAW), a tree was not only a resting place, but also an infinite mercy of God that one should take care of.  Ultimately, planting a tree is a Sadaqah-e-Jariya or an ever-lasting charity in Islam. Whenever a human being or even an animal shelters under the shade of a tree or relishes a fruit that it produces, the planter earns infinite rewards, even after his death. For the poor and rich alike, planting a tree is the easiest and surest way to earn Sadaqah-e-Jariya.

So, let us all try to make our Earth clean and green by planting trees.