What are the Best Renewable Energy Stocks to Invest in?

The term renewable energy is widely used in the modern age, with this referring to energy derived from sources or processes that are continually replenished.

The most prominent examples of renewable energy include solar, wind and geothermal energy, with the demand for such sources rising continually amid projections that the vast majority of fossil fuels are now “unburnable” if we’re to successfully limit the threat posed by global warming.

At the same time, it’s thought that existing fossil fuel sources will be depleted by 2060 at the current rate of burning, so there’s no doubt that businesses and investors are increasingly in search of viable renewable energy options.

clean energy investment

What are the Best Renewable Energy Stocks to Buy?

In addition to the above statistics, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has also predicted that renewable energy will grow to power 12.4% of the world’s total demand in 2023.

This is approximately one-fifth higher than the 10.3% recorded back in 2018, and this rate of growth is likely to be sustained in the near and medium-term.

But what are the best and most popular renewable energy investment options in 2021? One of the most obvious selections is Ørsted A/S, which is a global offshore wind behemoth that’s worth an estimated $453.80 billion. The Motley Fool’s latest recommendations are solar, hydrogen, and energy storage stocks. The energy sector has been a bright spot in the market this year, with some stocks up double digits over the S&P 500.

The world’s largest offshore wind power developer is responsible for 29% of global installed capacity, while Ørsted also reported stable results in the third quarter of 2020 despite facing a raft of global challenges.

Overall, shares in the company have appreciated in value by 37% since the beginning of 2020, making it a relatively stable investment option in a burgeoning marketplace.

Tesla is another high-flying energy stock, despite a recent price decline that followed the brand’s $1.5 billion investment in Bitcoin (which endured something of a price wobble at the beginning of March).

Despite this, Tesla continues to lead the race on sustainability, with its game-changing technologies revolutionising the automotive industry and helping the brand to branch out beyond electric cars and into energy storage solutions.

To this end, Tesla’s share price has rocketed from $89.01 to a staggering $693.73 in the year ending March 2021, while the company now boasts a total market value of $388.98 billion.

How to Invest in Renewable Energy Stocks and Assets?

Ormat Technologies is another viable investment option for 2021, with this company serving as a unique geothermal business that currently transforms excess heat into power.

wind-energy

This $3.96 billion company offers considerable value at present, as despite a recent share price drop, its stock value peaked at $126.02 on February 10th. This is also an eminently more affordable stock option for investors, and one that could be poised for significant growth in the medium and longer-term.

The question that remains, of course, is how should you invest in renewable energy stocks? Well, aside from targeting single stocks directly, you could also trade broader indices such as Nasdaq and the S&P 500.

These premium indices contain a large and growing number of renewable energy and clean energy stocks, while they can also be traded via so-called “contracts for difference” (CFDs).

This type of investment vehicle enables you to trade renewable energy stocks without assuming ownership of the underlying assets, while also instantly diversifying your portfolio and investment interests.

A Guide to Sustainable Engineering Practices

As humanity faces an array of environmental challenges, from climate change to resource depletion, sustainable engineering emerges as a pivotal field dedicated to devising solutions that meet our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. This discipline integrates principles of environmental science with engineering to develop efficient, durable, and economical solutions, minimizing the ecological footprint of human activities.

Sustainable engineering addresses a broad spectrum of environmental challenges. It plays a crucial role in combating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, in managing waste to prevent pollution, in conserving water and energy, and in protecting ecosystems by minimizing the impact of infrastructure projects.

sustainable engineering

The ultimate goal is to create a balance between societal development and environmental preservation, ensuring a healthier planet for future generations.

The Role of Engineers in Sustainability

Engineers are at the forefront of the transition towards a more sustainable future. Their expertise and innovative thinking are crucial in redesigning and transforming traditional practices into more sustainable alternatives.

Engineers across various disciplines contribute by developing new technologies, optimizing existing processes, and implementing green practices in every project they undertake.

They not only focus on the technical aspects but also consider the social, economic, and environmental impacts of their work, striving for solutions that are viable on all fronts.

Types of Engineers and Their Contribution to Sustainability

As we delve deeper into the realm of sustainable engineering, it becomes crucial to recognize the unique contributions made by different types of engineers.

Each engineering discipline brings its own set of skills, perspectives, and innovations to the table, collectively driving the advancement of sustainable practices.

Civil Engineers

Civil engineers have a significant impact on sustainability through the design and construction of sustainable infrastructure. They work on projects that include green buildings, sustainable urban planning, and the development of public transport systems that reduce dependency on fossil fuels.

Their focus on materials that are both durable and environmentally friendly helps in reducing the carbon footprint of new constructions and in enhancing the energy efficiency of existing structures.

Mechanical Engineers

Mechanical engineers contribute to sustainability by innovating in the field of energy-efficient machinery and systems. They design and develop systems that use less energy, reduce emissions, and incorporate renewable energy sources.

From improving HVAC systems in buildings to developing more efficient manufacturing processes, their work significantly reduces energy consumption across various industries.

Electrical Engineers

Electrical engineers play a critical role in the development and implementation of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.

They design electrical systems that optimize the use of these renewables, ensuring that energy production is not only sustainable but also reliable and efficient. Their work is essential in the global transition towards a greener energy grid.

Chemical Engineers

Chemical engineers are at the forefront of creating sustainable chemical processes and materials. They innovate in the development of biodegradable materials, the recycling of waste into useful products, and the creation of chemical processes that minimize energy use and waste production.

Their contributions are key to reducing the environmental impact of the chemical industry and in promoting a circular economy.

Environmental Engineers

Environmental engineers focus on solutions that address water and air pollution, waste management, and environmental restoration. They develop treatment systems for wastewater and polluted air, design waste reduction and recycling programs, and work on restoring contaminated sites.

how companies can become more eco-friendly

Their expertise is crucial in ensuring that projects and processes comply with environmental regulations and in protecting natural resources. The collective efforts of engineers across these disciplines are driving the transition towards a more sustainable and resilient future.

By integrating sustainable practices into every facet of their work, engineers are not only addressing the immediate environmental challenges but also paving the way for a sustainable legacy that will benefit generations to come.

Sustainable Engineering Practices

Sustainable engineering practices are essential for reducing the environmental impact of human activities and promoting a more sustainable future.

These practices span various aspects of engineering and aim to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and minimize the ecological footprint of projects and processes.

By focusing on energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, sustainable materials, water conservation, and waste management, engineers can significantly contribute to environmental sustainability.

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources

Energy efficiency involves optimizing systems and processes to use less energy to perform the same task. This can significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Engineers play a crucial role in designing energy-efficient buildings, developing more efficient industrial processes, and improving the performance of machines and vehicles.

Incorporating renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy, into the energy mix is crucial for reducing dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change.

Engineers design and implement systems that harness these renewable energies, integrating them into the grid and ensuring they are used efficiently and effectively.

Sustainable Materials and Resource Efficiency

The selection and use of sustainable materials are critical for reducing the environmental impact of products and constructions. Engineers are tasked with choosing materials that are not only durable and cost-effective but also have a low environmental footprint. This includes materials that are recycled, recyclable, renewable, or sourced from sustainable practices.

Resource efficiency goes beyond materials to encompass the efficient use of all resources, including water, energy, and raw materials. Engineers develop processes that minimize waste and energy use, promoting a circular economy where resources are reused and recycled, reducing the need for virgin materials and lowering environmental impact.

Water Conservation and Management

Water is a precious resource, and its conservation and management are vital for sustainability. Engineers design systems for collecting, treating, and reusing wastewater, implementing efficient irrigation and water delivery systems, and developing technologies for desalination and water purification, as well as wastewater treatment. These efforts ensure that water resources are used judiciously and that water scarcity and pollution are mitigated.

Waste Reduction and Management

Waste reduction and management are key components of sustainable engineering. Engineers design systems and processes that minimize waste generation through efficient design and operation. They also work on developing effective waste collection, recycling, and disposal systems that mitigate the impact of waste on the environment.

By focusing on the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle, engineers can significantly lower the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or the environment.

Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Metrics

Life Cycle assessment (LCA) is a method used to evaluate the environmental impact of a product or system over its entire lifespan, from raw material extraction through manufacturing, use, and disposal.

Engineers use LCA to make informed decisions about materials, processes, and designs that will minimize environmental impact.

Sustainability metrics are tools that measure the sustainability performance of projects and processes. These metrics help engineers to quantify energy use, water consumption, carbon emissions, and other environmental impacts, providing a basis for continuous improvement and sustainability reporting.

By adhering to these sustainable engineering practices, engineers can lead the way in creating a more sustainable and resilient world. These practices not only help to address the immediate environmental challenges but also set a foundation for long-term sustainability.

Challenges and Future Directions

The path towards fully integrating sustainable engineering practices is fraught with challenges, yet it is undeniably critical for the future health of our planet. These obstacles include economic constraints, resistance to change, technological limitations, and regulatory hurdles.

The initial cost of implementing sustainable technologies and practices can be higher than traditional methods, which can deter investment despite the potential for long-term savings and environmental benefits.

sustainable engineering

Results of research projects and publications in Arab countries are rarely reflected in policies

Resistance to change, both culturally and institutionally, can slow the adoption of innovative solutions. Technological limitations also pose a challenge, as the development and scaling of sustainable technologies can be complex and resource-intensive. Finally, regulatory hurdles can impede progress, as existing laws and standards may not always support or incentivize sustainable practices.

Despite these challenges, the outlook for sustainable engineering is optimistic. Advances in technology, growing environmental awareness, and increasing regulatory support are paving the way for more sustainable practices. The engineering community is increasingly focused on sustainability as a core aspect of innovation, with new materials, technologies, and methodologies being developed at an unprecedented pace.

The push towards a circular economy, renewable energy, and zero-waste manufacturing is gaining momentum, supported by both public and private sectors.

Economic, cultural, technological, and regulatory obstacles must be addressed to fully realize the potential of sustainable engineering. Despite these hurdles, the future of sustainable engineering is bright, driven by innovation, growing awareness, and a collective commitment to a more sustainable world.

The importance of sustainable engineering cannot be overstated. It is not only about mitigating the impact of human activities on the environment but also about ensuring a livable planet for future generations.

The principles and practices discussed in this article offer a roadmap for integrating sustainability into engineering, highlighting the crucial role that engineers play in this transformative journey.

As we look to the future, it is clear that sustainable engineering will be a key driver of environmental stewardship, economic resilience, and social well-being, making it an essential discipline for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

هل تغليف الغذاء يهدد الصحة؟

أغلب سكان المدن يفضلون شراء الأطعمة المُغلّفة الجاهزة لتوفرها وسهولة الحصول عليها، وذلك لكثرة مشاغلهم.  وإن تغليف الطعام يلعب دوراً هاماً في الحفاظ على جودته وصحته ومدة صلاحيته وقد يقلل من إهدار الغذاء. إلا أن كيماويات مواد التغليف قد تلوث الطعام وتسبب أمراضاً خطيرة.

هناك مجموعة من الكيماويات تسمى اختصاراً (PFAS) لا تذوب في الماء ولا في الدهون ولا تلتصق بالطعام وتستخدم في مئات المنتجات بما في ذلك تغليف الاطعمة. وقد ثبت ارتباطها بأمراض خطيرة بسبب تراكمها في جسم الإنسان الذي يتناولها يومياً مع الماء والغذاء ولا يستطيع الجسم التخلص منها بالسرعة الكافية. لذلك وجدت هذه الكيماويات في الدم والبول وحليب الأمهات ودم الحبل السري للأجنة، بل منتشرة في أجسام البشر من كل الجنسيات، وثبت تأثيرها على الكبد والإخصاب والنمو وتم ربطها بالأورام وخلل الغدة الدرقية وعمل الهرمونات. كذلك تزيد من احتمال اصابة الحوامل بارتفاع الضغط ونوبات التشنج وتقلل من فعالية تطعيم الطفال.

sustainable-packaging

وتعتبر مواد تغليف الوجبات السريعة وأوانيها من أهم مصادر هذه الكيماويات السامة، إذ كشفت دراسة لوكالة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية انتقال هذه المواد من الأغلفة الى الغذاء وتلويثه، خاصة الأطعمة الدهنية، ووجدت مركبات الفلور في 40% من أغلفة الوجبات السريعة التي خضعت للدراسة وشملت السندوتشات والبيتزا والدجاج المقلي والحلويات. كما أنها وجدت في أكياس الفشار ومياه الشرب وكيماويات التجميل والملابس.

وهذا سبب آخر لتفادي الوجبات السريعة والأغذية الدهنية الجاهزة، خاصة بالنسبة للأطفال والحوامل لأن التأثير على الأجنة والأطفال أكبر كثيراً لسرعة نموهم وصغر أوزانهم مما يجعل التركيز أكبر. والأطفال بطبيعتهم أكثر تعرضاً للكيماويات عن طريق حليب الأمهات الملوث أو حركتهم ولمسهم لكل الأشياء حولهم ومن ثم ادخال ايديهم في فمهم.

في ولاية واشنطن الأمريكية تم التوقيع على أول قانون ولائي يمنع استخدام مركبات الفلور السامة في تغليف الأغذية في مارس 2018. وفي مدينة سانفرانسيسكو يتم التحضير لقانون يمنع استخدام هذه الكيماويات (PFAS) في الأدوات والأوعية البلاستيكية التي تستخدم لمرة واحدة ، بل ان ولاية كاليفورنيا في طور التشريع لإجبار صناعات أغلفة وأواني الطعام أن تطبع تحذيراً على المنتجات التي تحتوي على هذه المجموعة من الكيماويات.

وبنظرة فاحصة لأواني الأطعمة والمشروبات، فإن الزجاج يعتبر من الأواني الآمنة ، الا أن الأغطية المعدنية ربما تحتوي على مادة الافثالات (phthalate)  التي تعرقل عمل الهرمونات. علب الألمنيوم قد تحتوي على مضاد حيوي مسرطن ومهيج للحساسية من مركبات الفينول (ortho-phenylphenol) يستخدم للتخلص من البكتيريا والفطريات.

أما الأواني البلاستيكية فهي الأكثر إثارة للجدل في الأوساط العلمية لإحتوائها على كيماويات ارتبطت في بعض الدراسات بالتأثير السلبي على نمو الدماغ والجهاز التناسلي في الأطفال. كما أن البلاستيك الذي يدخل في صناعة كرتون الحليب والعصير والمعروف بالبولي أوليفين (polyolefins) يحتوي على مركب البنزوفينون (benzophenone)  الذي يؤثر سلباً على الجهاز التناسلي للمرأة.

وفي حالة استخدام الورق والكرتون لتغليف الأغذية يجب الحذر من أحبار الطباعة التي يمكن أن تلوث الأطعمة مسببة خلل هرموني. بل ان أواني الورق المعاد تدويره قد تحتوي على كيماويات سامة من عائلة الإفثالات تسبب مشكلات في الجهاز الهضمي هي داي ايزوبيوتايل افثالات (di-isobutyl phthalate) و داي ان بيوتايل افثالات (di-n-butyl phthalate).

وعليه ولسلامة الإنسان في كل مكان، يجب على هيئة الصحة العالمية  ووزارات الصحة ومنظمات المجتمع المدني أن تطالب الصناعات الغذائية بمراجعة وتغيير مبدأ ومفهوم تغليف الغذاء من أساسه.

Biogas from Animal Wastes

The Middle East and North Africa region has a strong animal population. The livestock sector, in particular sheep, goats and camels, plays an important role in the national economy of regional countries. Millions of animals are imported in MENA each year from around the world. In addition, the region has witnessed very rapid growth in the poultry sector.

Animal Waste Management

Animal waste is a valuable source of nutrients and renewable energy. However, most of the waste is collected in lagoons or left to decompose in the open which pose a significant environmental hazard. The air pollutants emitted from manure include methane, nitrous oxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter, which can cause serious environmental concerns and health problems.

Cow_Manure_Biogas

In the past, livestock waste was recovered and sold as a fertilizer or simply spread onto agricultural land. The introduction of tighter environmental controls on odour and water pollution means that some form of animal waste management is necessary, which provides further incentives for biomass-to-energy conversion. The biogas potential of animal manure can be harnessed both at small- and community-scale.

Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Waste

Anaerobic digestion is a unique treatment solution for animal wastes as it can  deliver  positive  benefits  related  to  multiple  issues,  including  renewable  energy,  water pollution, and air emissions. Anaerobic digestion of animal manure is gaining popularity as a means to protect the environment and to recycle materials efficiently into the farming systems. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants, based on anaerobic digestion of cow manure, are highly efficient in harnessing the untapped renewable energy potential of organic waste by converting the biodegradable fraction of the waste into high calorific gases.

The establishment of anaerobic digestion systems for livestock manure stabilization and energy production has accelerated substantially in the past several years. There are thousands of digesters operating at commercial livestock facilities in Europe, United States, Asia and elsewhere. which are generating clean energy and fuel. Many of the projects that generate electricity also capture waste heat for various in-house requirements. Biogas projects based on animal waste play a key role in rural development in developing countries.

Major Considerations

The main factors that influence biogas production from animal manure are pH and temperature of the feedstock. It is well established that a biogas plant works optimally at neutral pH level and mesophilic temperature of around 35o C. Carbon-nitrogen ratio of the feed material is also an important factor and should be in the range of 20:1 to 30:1.

Animal manure has a carbon – nitrogen ratio of 25:1 and is considered ideal for maximum gas production. Solid concentration in the feed material is also crucial to ensure sufficient gas production, as well as easy mixing and handling. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) is the most important factor in determining the volume of the digester which in turn determines the cost of the plant; the larger the retention period, higher the construction cost.

Process Description

The fresh animal manure is stored in a collection tank before its processing to the homogenization tank which is equipped with a mixer to facilitate homogenization of the waste stream. The uniformly mixed waste is passed through a macerator to obtain uniform particle size of 5-10 mm and pumped into suitable-capacity anaerobic digesters where stabilization of organic waste takes place.

biogas_plant_canada

In anaerobic digestion, organic material is converted to biogas by a series of bacteria groups into methane and carbon dioxide. The majority of commercially operating digesters are plug flow and complete-mix reactors operating at mesophilic temperatures. The type of digester used varies with the consistency and solids content of the feedstock, with capital investment factors and with the primary purpose of digestion.

Biogas contain significant amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas which needs to be stripped off due to its highly corrosive nature. The removal of H2S takes place in a biological desulphurization unit in which a limited quantity of air is added to biogas in the presence of specialized aerobic bacteria which oxidizes H2S into elemental sulfur.

Biogas can be used as domestic cooking, industrial heating, combined heat and power (CHP) generation as well as a vehicle fuel. The digested substrate is passed through screw presses for dewatering and then subjected to solar drying and conditioning to give high-quality organic fertilizer.

مكافحة تغير المناخ: كيف يمكنك المساعدة؟

بعد استغلال موارد الأرض واستنزافها لمئات السنين، أصبحنا الآن في مواجهة الواقع الصعب والقاسي المتمثل في تغير المناخ.  بدأت درجة حرارة كوكب الأرض في الارتفاع ببطء، الأمر الذي أدى إلى المزيد من حالات الطقس المتقلبة الى جانب ان العقد الماضي هو الأشد حرارة على الإطلاق.

لقد حان وقت العمل الآن.  لقد حاول فنانين اثنين أن ينقلا إلى الناس مدى أهمية وعجلة هذه الرسالة من خلال انشاء  “ساعة المناخ”  في ميدان يونيون في مانهاتن.  يحذر هذا العد التنازلي من أنه إذا لم تتراجع الانبعاثات الحالية من الغازات المسببة للانحباس الحراري العالمي قبل الموعد النهائي فإن الضرر الحاصل سوف يكون لا رجعة فيه.  نظراً للفرصة التي تلوح في الأفق لمكافحة تغير المناخ، فإليكم الطرق المختلفة التي قد تساعدنا.

climate-change

1. اطلع على آخر المعلومات

يزعم كثيرون أننا نعيش حالياً في عصر التكنولوجيا والمعلومات.  وهذا في الحقيقة نعمة، ذلك أننا نملك عدداً لا يحصى من الموارد المتاحة بنقرة زر واحدة.  رغم ذلك فإن هذه تعتبر لعنة أيضاً لأننا نتعرض للكثير من  المعلومات المضللة  والأخبار الزائفة فيما يتعلق بمواضيع مهمة مثل تغير المناخ.  حتى أن الرئيسدونالد ترامب  قام بترويج الخرافة القائلة بأن تغير المناخ مجرد خدعة.  من الضروري أن تقرأ الحقائق المحيطة بتغير المناخ.  ابحث عن مصادر أخبار موثوق بها ومدونات بيئية لتبقى على اطلاع على آخر المستجدات.

2. اتخذ الإجراء

بمجرد معرفتك وعلمك بذلك، حان الوقت لاتخاذ إجراء بالطريقة التي يمكنك بها ذلك. هناك العديد من السبل المختلفة للمساعدة في مكافحة تغير المناخ.  يمكنك أن تسأل موفر الطاقة إذا أمكن ان يقدم أي خدمات مع مصادر طاقة متجددة ونظيفة.  في حياتك اليومية، ينبغي عليك تجنب القيادة عند الإمكان واختيار مكان تجميع السيارات أو وسائل النقل العام بدلاً من ذلك.  قم بإجراء اختيارات غذائية مدروسة، مثل تناول كميات أقل من اللحوم أو شراء المكونات من   مورد مستدام لإنتاج الصويا.

يمكنك أيضًا تجنب شراء الأزياء السريعة ومحاولة شراء قطع من الملابس المستعملة بدلاً من ذلك.  كما أن إعادة تدوير الممتلكات القديمة هي طريقة رائعة لمساعدة البيئة حيث أن العديد من المواد التي يتم التخلص منها ينتهي بها الأمر إلى مدافن النفايات لمئات السنين.

3. استقطاب الآخرين

إن حشد الآخرين يشكل واحدة من أفضل السبل للمساعدة في معالجة أزمة المناخ.  كل تغيير صغير يمكن أن يساعد في إحداث تأثير واسع النطاق على البيئة، وبالتالي كلما زادت التغييرات كلما كان ذلك أفضل.  افتح محادثة حول المناخ مع الأصدقاء أو العائلة وحاول تسليط بعض الضوء على أثر الكربون لديهم.  ما الذي يمكنهم القيام به للحد من ذلك؟  لا تتوانى عن استقطاب بعض الجهات المهمة الفاعلة وبعض المؤثرين في نفس المجال أيضاً!

وتتحمل الشركات  مسؤولية اجتماعية خاصة  ، وأنت أيضا، كعميل، لك الحق في طلب التغيير.  اتصل بمجلس الشيوخ أو عضو الكونجرس واطلب منهم الدعم أيضًا.

لا نملك سوى كوكب واحد، لذا يتعين علينا أن نبذل كل ما في وسعنا من أجل إنقاذه. ورغم أن المواقف تجاه تغير المناخ كانت في تحول إيجابي، فما زال بوسعنا أن نفعل المزيد. وإذا قام الجميع بدوره، بما في ذلك الشركات الكبرى والحكومات، فبوسعنا جميعاً أن نسعى جاهدين إلى  نمط حياة أكثر استدامة وأكثر رحمة بالبيئة.

ترجمته من الإنجليزية الى العربية:

تقوى حاجي متفقد مصالح مالية بوزارة المالية والاقتصاد والاستثمار بتونس، متطوعة ومهتمة بالقضايا البيئية والتغير المناخي والتنمية المستدامة

Role of CSP in South Africa’s Power Sector

Demand for electricity in South Africa has increased progressively over several years and the grid now faces supply and demand challenges. As a result, the Department of Energy has implemented a new Integrated Resource Plan to enhance renewable energy generation capacity and promote energy efficiency. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) are set to be the main beneficiaries from the new plan having their initial allocation raised considerably.

Daily power demand in South Africa has a morning and evening peak, both in summer and winter. This characteristic makes CSP with storage a very attractive technology for generating electricity on a large scale compared to PV, which currently can provide electricity at a cheaper price, but its capability to match the demand is limited to the morning demand peak.

As experts highlight, CSP is the only renewable technology that provides dispatchable electricity that adapts to the demand curve, though at a higher price than PV. However, the government in South Africa has recognized the flexibility that it offers to the grid (matching the demand and stabilizing the system) over the levelised cost of energy (LCOE), and announced a bid window in March 2014 solely for CSP, where 200 MW are to be allocated.

CSP’s operational flexibility allows the plant to be run in a conventional mode at maximum power output, store the excess energy and use the full load once the sun starts setting. Another option is to adapt the production to the demand, reducing the load during the central hours of the day where PV can provide cheaper electricity, and shift that energy to generate at later hours without requiring a large storage system.

6 Ways Natural Disasters Can Affect Businesses

Natural disasters are catastrophic events that result from processes that occur without human intervention. These adverse events include avalanches, landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. Floods, tsunamis, blizzards, and wildfires belong to this category as well. It is worth noting that the occurrence and intensity of natural disasters vary from country to country. Natural disasters have a significant impact on the economy and the businesses in more ways than one. Read on to know more about the impact of natural disasters on businesses:

1. Supply Chain Disruptions

Efficient and reliable supply chains are critical to the success of a company. For example, the constant supply of milk is vital to the operations of a cheese-making factory. Unfortunately, natural disasters interfere with these supply chains because they affect roads, bridges, and airports.

More specifically, roads become impassable, bridges collapse, and airports remain closed. That means moving goods and services in affected areas is impossible. In the case cited above, the factory would stop its operations because it cannot produce cheese without receiving milk from its suppliers.

2. Communication Barriers

These barriers result from panic and the loss of communication infrastructure. Remember, business continuity plans are critical because they limit mass hysteria. This hysteria hampers communication because everyone is busy trying to save his or her life.

The loss of communication infrastructure has an impact on the business as well. Unlike mass hysteria which lasts for day or two, this problem persists for weeks in extreme cases. It occurs when natural disasters destroy power stations, cell towers, and optical fiber lines. That means communicating with your staff through calls, text messages, or social media is difficult or impossible.

3. Damaged Buildings

Wildfires in Northern California destroyed 8,700 buildings in October 2017. Many of these buildings were business premises. For example, the fires had damaged 23 commercial properties in Sonoma and Napa by October 11, 2017. These properties included the Signorello Estate and the Hilton Sonoma Wine Country. The Hilton Sonoma Wine Country Hotel had enough accommodation for 250 people at the time.

However, it closed down temporarily to prevent further damage to the property in addition to promoting the safety of its patrons. This example shows that natural disasters cause significant damage to commercial buildings leading to repair costs and loss of revenue.

4. Loss of Equipment

Businesses have different types of equipment depending on the products they offer and the scale of their operations. For example, tractors are an essential piece of equipment on any farm. Office equipment such as printers and photocopiers are critical to business operations as well.

Unfortunately, natural disasters affect them adversely. These disasters cause damage to office cabinets, chairs, and tables as well. The cost of replacing these damaged items again be crippling for many businesses. That is especially true if they do not have access to government loans or grants.

5. Loss of Personnel

Regrettably, people lose their lives during natural disasters. For example, 1,833 died because of the flooding that Hurricane Katrina caused in New Orleans and other parts of the Gulf Coast. Many of these people were employees at various companies across the State of Louisiana. Some of them even came from neighboring states. Consequently, businesses lost employees because of this Hurricane.

Some of the workers in the affected areas suffered from injuries as well. Others decided to migrate to other parts of the US. Businesses also found it hard to hold on to employees when profits were low because of a depressed local economy. That shows you that natural disasters lead to the loss of personnel in multiple ways.

6. Loss of Clientele

Natural disasters lead to the loss of clientele as well because people move away from the affected area. It is worth noting that the ones who remain often spend their money on rebuilding their homes and businesses. That means specific establishments such as entertainment spots will see a drop in the number of patrons visiting them. Damaged goods are also another consequence of natural disasters for many companies.

For example, it happens when fires burn existing stock or floods immerse them in water. Preventing these consequences and the ones mentioned above is possible if you have a business continuity plan. Some of the measures in this plan should be relocating stock before a disaster hits and enhancing communication while it is ongoing.

About the Author

Leona is part of the content and community team at Specialty Fuel Services – providers of emergency fuel continuation services, in locations affected by catastrophic events.

Eco-Friendly Factors To Consider When Investing In Company Stocks

In today’s investment landscape, integrating eco-friendly considerations into stock market investments is not just a moral imperative but also a strategic financial move. Investors are increasingly recognizing the importance of sustainability in driving long-term growth and minimizing risks associated with environmental degradation and climate change.

Companies that prioritize green initiatives, resource efficiency, and sustainable business practices often exhibit resilience and innovation, making them attractive investment opportunities. By focusing on these eco-friendly factors, investors can contribute to a healthier planet while potentially securing robust returns, aligning their financial objectives with environmental stewardship.

binary trading

Monthly Dividend Stocks To Look Out For

In the realm of investment, monthly dividend stocks stand as a beacon for those seeking steady income streams alongside their capital appreciation goals. These stocks are particularly appealing to investors who prioritize regular, predictable returns, such as retirees or those planning for income-reliant futures.

Companies that manage to distribute dividends monthly often demonstrate strong financial health and operational efficiency, traits that are critical for long-term investment stability. Within this category, certain firms not only excel in financial performance but also integrate eco-friendly practices into their business models, making them standout choices for environmentally conscious investors.

Agnc Investment Corp.

AGNC Investment Corp. stands out as a prominent example within the monthly dividend-paying sphere, primarily operating within the real estate investment trust (REIT) sector. Specializing in mortgage-backed securities, AGNC has carved a niche for itself by focusing on investments that are secured by government agencies, which adds a layer of security to its portfolio.

While not directly linked to eco-friendly initiatives, the company’s investment strategy emphasizes financial stability and risk management, which are indirect contributors to sustainable economic growth. By ensuring a stable income for its investors through monthly dividends, AGNC supports the principle of economic sustainability, which is a key component of broader environmental sustainability efforts.

Investors looking to add a monthly dividend stock to their portfolio, with an eye on companies that indirectly support sustainability through economic stability, may find AGNC Investment Corp. an intriguing option.

Realty Income Corporation

Realty Income Corporation, often celebrated as “The Monthly Dividend Company,” is a real estate investment trust (REIT) that stands out for its commitment to providing investors with dependable monthly income. This company owns a diverse portfolio of properties, many of which are leased to tenants in sectors less susceptible to economic downturns, such as drug stores, convenience stores, and supermarkets.

Realty Income’s focus on long-term, net-lease agreements ensures a steady cash flow, which supports its ability to distribute regular dividends. From an eco-friendly perspective, Realty Income is notable for its strategic selection of properties and tenants that prioritize sustainability, including buildings with green certifications and businesses that promote environmentally friendly practices.

This approach not only enhances the REIT’s appeal to environmentally conscious investors but also contributes to the broader goal of sustainable economic growth.

Pembina Pipeline Corporation

Pembina Pipeline Corporation is a leading energy transportation and service provider that offers a unique investment opportunity with its monthly dividend payments. Unlike traditional energy companies, Pembina has taken significant strides towards incorporating sustainability into its operations, including investments in renewable energy projects and initiatives aimed at reducing its environmental footprint.

The company’s commitment to safety, environmental stewardship, and community engagement, alongside its diversified asset base, provides a solid foundation for financial stability and operational resilience.

For investors interested in the energy sector but concerned about environmental impacts, Pembina represents a more sustainable option, balancing the need for energy infrastructure with a commitment to eco-friendly practices.

Its monthly dividends further reflect the company’s robust financial health and its dedication to delivering value to its shareholders.

Factors To Consider When Choosing Eco-Friendly Stocks

When diving into the realm of eco-friendly investments, it’s pivotal to scrutinize various facets that underline the sustainability and ethical operations of companies. Investors are increasingly aligning their portfolios with their environmental values, seeking out stocks that not only promise financial returns but also contribute positively to the planet.

From assessing a company’s direct impact on the environment to understanding its strategic approach to sustainability, every element plays a crucial role in making informed investment decisions.

Treatment Of Plastic Pollution

One significant environmental challenge that has garnered global attention is plastic pollution. This pervasive issue affects ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. Companies leading the charge against plastic pollution are becoming increasingly attractive to investors who prioritize environmental sustainability.

plastic problem

Initiatives to reduce plastic usage, invest in biodegradable alternatives, and enhance recycling efforts are key indicators of a company’s commitment to tackling this problem.

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Integration

Companies that excel in incorporating energy efficiency measures and renewable energy into their operations represent another crucial aspect for eco-conscious investors. These organizations not only reduce their environmental footprint but also often realize significant cost savings and enhanced long-term profitability.

A focus on energy efficiency can span various initiatives, from reducing energy consumption in manufacturing processes to retrofitting office spaces with green technologies.

Sustainable Supply Chains

Another pivotal factor is the commitment of a company to sustainably manage its supply chain. This involves ensuring that materials are sourced responsibly, labor practices are ethical, and environmental impacts are minimized throughout the production process.

Companies that invest in supply chain sustainability not only mitigate risks associated with resource scarcity and regulatory compliance but also often enjoy improved brand loyalty and customer satisfaction.

Final Remarks

In the evolving landscape of investments, the emphasis on eco-friendly considerations represents a significant shift towards sustainable finance. By prioritizing companies that are actively addressing environmental challenges, such as plastic pollution, energy efficiency, and sustainable supply chains, investors not only advocate for a healthier planet but also position themselves to benefit from the growth of businesses that are resilient and forward-thinking.

This strategic alignment between financial goals and environmental stewardship is creating new pathways for investment that contribute to a sustainable future. As we look ahead, the integration of eco-friendly factors into investment decisions will continue to be a critical component of building a more sustainable and equitable global economy.

How To Maintain An Eco-Friendly Golf Course

Creating eco-friendly golf courses is not only a step towards preserving our planet but also a way to enhance the golfing experience by integrating the game with its natural surroundings.  As golf courses are known for their extensive use of land, water, and chemicals, the shift towards eco-friendly practices is essential for the sport’s sustainability.

This comprehensive guide outlines the essentials of maintaining an eco-friendly golf course, drawing upon the latest insights and strategies from industry leaders.

environmentally friendly golf course

Golf Course Essentials

The key to a successful eco-friendly golf course lies in understanding and implementing practices that minimize environmental impact while maintaining, or even enhancing, the quality of the golfing experience. These include strategies for water conservation, biodiversity enhancement, and reduction in chemical use.

Golf Grass

A fundamental aspect of any golf course is its grass, which not only impacts the playability of the course but also its environmental footprint.

Opting for drought-tolerant, disease-resistant grass varietals can significantly reduce the need for water, pesticides, and fertilizers.

Although there are various types of grass suitable for golf courses, the choice should prioritize those that are sustainable and require fewer resources to maintain.

The selection process involves considering the local climate and soil conditions to ensure that the grass type chosen will thrive with minimal intervention​​​​.

Water Conservation and Quality Management

Water conservation is a critical issue for golf courses, especially in regions prone to drought. Implementing efficient irrigation systems, using recycled or reclaimed “gray” water, and allowing certain areas to revert to their natural state during dry periods are effective strategies.

In addition to conservation, managing water quality is essential. This can involve mitigating erosion, using environmentally sensitive plant management techniques near water hazards, and employing bio-controls like algae-eating fish to maintain the health of aquatic ecosystems​​​​.

Chemical Use and Biodiversity

Reducing the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers is pivotal in maintaining an eco-friendly golf course. Opting for organic options and integrating pest-resistant grasses can lower the environmental impact.

Enhancing the biodiversity of a golf course not only benefits the local ecosystem but can also improve the aesthetic and appeal of the course. This involves creating habitats for local wildlife, using native plants, and minimizing human interference in certain areas to allow flora and fauna to flourish​​​​.

Resource Management and Waste Reduction

Efficient resource management includes reducing the use of harmful chemicals and managing waste and wastewater effectively. Composting, recycling, and using environmentally friendly materials for course maintenance are key components.

Investing in sustainable energy sources, like solar panels for powering golf carts, contributes to a lower carbon footprint​​​​.

Community Engagement and Education

An often-overlooked aspect of maintaining an eco-friendly golf course is engaging with the community and educating them about the importance of sustainability in golf.

Programs like the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program for Golf Courses offer a framework for courses to not only enhance their environmental practices but also to become certified sanctuaries. These programs focus on comprehensive environmental planning, wildlife and habitat management, water conservation, and outreach efforts that involve the community and educate golfers about the course’s eco-friendly initiatives.

The Symbiotic Relationship Between Ecology And Golf Courses

Golf courses, often perceived as sprawling expanses dedicated solely to sport, hold a deeper, intrinsic value that intertwines closely with environmental stewardship and biodiversity.

This understanding propels us into a complex yet fascinating relationship between ecology and golf, revealing how these green spaces serve not just athletes but also the broader ecological community.

Enhancing Biodiversity and Conservation

At the heart of eco-friendly golf course management lies the potential to significantly contribute to wildlife conservation and biodiversity enhancement.

Contrary to common misconceptions, golf courses can function as vital reserves for flora and fauna, offering sanctuary to various species that might find it hard to survive in more urbanized landscapes.

This symbiotic relationship underscores the importance of sustainable agronomy practices, which not only ensure the health and playability of the golfing greens but also enhance the course’s biodiversity value.

biodiversity in jordan

By working closely with nature conservation bodies and employing practices that protect and encourage species diversity, golf courses can become key players in the global effort to preserve our natural heritage​​.

Sustainable Practices and Environmental Management

The formula for developing a sustainable golf course can be visualized as a three-tiered pyramid, with the environment serving as the foundational layer. This structure emphasizes the critical role of the natural environment in the overall sustainability of golf courses.

By prioritizing eco-friendly management practices that include efficient waste management, conservation of natural resources, and the implementation of biological controls for pests and diseases, golf courses can maintain their appeal and integrity without compromising their ecological responsibilities.

This approach not only enhances the course’s environmental base but also strengthens its social and economic viability, creating a cycle of prosperity that benefits both the club and the local ecosystem​​.

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Research indicates that, while golf courses necessitate the use of fresh water, fertilizers, and pesticides, they can also make positive impacts on biodiversity and tourism. This duality presents a unique opportunity for golf course managers to mitigate negative environmental impacts while amplifying the positive contributions their courses make towards biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Understanding the landscape context is crucial, as the placement and management of the golf course within the wider ecological landscape can significantly influence its capacity to support biodiversity. By fostering conditions that encourage the presence of diverse plant and animal life, golf courses can become not only venues for sport but also bastions of environmental sustainability.

Final Remarks

Maintaining an environmentally-friendly golf course is a multifaceted endeavor that transcends mere playability to encompass a deep commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainability.

By adopting practices that conserve water, enhance biodiversity, minimize chemical use, manage resources wisely, and actively engage with the community, golf courses can significantly reduce their ecological footprint while offering a sanctuary for both golfers and nature.

This approach not only secures the future of the sport in harmony with our planet but also showcases golf courses as exemplary models of sustainability and conservation in action.

These efforts contribute to a larger narrative of ecological responsibility, underscoring the critical role that golf courses play in preserving natural landscapes for future generations.

Best Practices For Eco-Friendly Property Management

In today’s world, the focus on sustainability has never been greater, particularly in the realm of property management. This surge in eco-consciousness is driven by an increased awareness of our environmental impact and a collective desire to mitigate it.

Eco-friendly property management not only plays a crucial role in reducing carbon footprints but also in enhancing property values and catering to the rising demand of environmentally conscious tenants.

ecofriendly property management

Adopting sustainable practices isn’t just an ethical decision—it’s a strategic one that offers a myriad of benefits, from operational cost savings to improved tenant attraction and retention.

Eco-Friendly Attitude in Property Management

The move towards green property management embodies a commitment to sustainable living. By focusing on energy efficiency, water conservation, air quality, and sustainable practices like composting and recycling, property managers can significantly reduce their environmental impact.

Earning credentials such as the Green Property Management (CGPM) can solidify this commitment, offering a structured approach to becoming eco-friendly​​.

Sustainable Construction

The cornerstone of eco-friendly property management is sustainable construction. This involves the integration of energy-efficient systems, such as ENERGY STAR-certified appliances and HVAC units, which can save a significant amount of energy and reduce utility bills​​​​.

The use of sustainable materials, like bamboo flooring or low VOC paints, contributes further by minimizing environmental harm and improving indoor air quality​​.

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Energy efficiency is pivotal in reducing a property’s carbon footprint. Implementing energy-efficient lighting and appliances is a straightforward yet effective strategy.

Beyond this, investing in renewable energy sources like solar panels can drastically cut energy costs and dependence on non-renewable resources, making a property more attractive to eco-conscious renters​​​​.

Water Conservation

Water conservation is another critical area of focus. Upgrading to low-flow toilets and showerheads can significantly reduce water usage, as can installing efficient irrigation systems and considering xeriscaping for landscaping. These measures not only conserve precious water resources but also lower the operating costs associated with water usage​​​​.

Waste Reduction and Recycling

Finally, waste management plays a crucial role in eco-friendly property management. Establishing comprehensive recycling programs and encouraging composting can drastically reduce the waste sent to landfills. Adopting practices to minimize waste, like bulk purchasing, furthers the commitment to a sustainable lifestyle.

waste awareness in qatar

Incorporating Recycling Into Eco-Friendly Property Management

Eco-friendly property management is an evolving field that aims to reduce environmental impact while promoting sustainable living practices among residents.

This approach encompasses a wide range of practices, from waste reduction and recycling to the integration of smart technologies.

Effective eco-friendly management not only contributes to a healthier planet but also offers operational efficiencies and cost savings for property owners and residents alike.

This section explores two critical aspects of eco-friendly property management: incorporating recycling initiatives and leveraging smart technology for sustainability.

By understanding and implementing these practices, property managers can significantly enhance the eco-friendliness of their properties, contributing to broader environmental goals and fostering a culture of sustainability within their communities.

Recycling and Waste Reduction Strategies

A critical component of eco-friendly property management is the implementation of robust recycling and waste reduction programs. These initiatives not only reduce the environmental impact of properties but also contribute to a more sustainable community.

Property managers can introduce segregated waste collection systems to ensure that recyclables are properly sorted from non-recyclables, significantly reducing the volume of waste sent to landfills.

Teaching residents, including children, about the importance of recycling can foster a community-wide culture of sustainability.

Engaging educational programs and community events focused on recycling practices can help instill lifelong habits of environmental stewardship among young residents​​​​.

Smart Technology Integration

Another dimension of eco-friendly property management is the integration of smart technologies. Smart thermostats, energy-efficient lighting systems, and water-saving devices can greatly reduce a property’s energy and water consumption. These technologies not only minimize environmental impact but also lower utility bills for residents.

The use of IoT (Internet of Things) devices for monitoring and managing energy use in real-time allows for more efficient property operations.

Smart sensors can detect leaks or inefficiencies in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, prompting timely maintenance and avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

Advancing Eco-Friendly Property Management: Embracing Sustainable Construction And Biodiversity

In the realm of eco-friendly property management, the emphasis on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria is shaping the latest trends and practices.

eco-friendly home improvements to increase home value

One significant trend is the increasing focus on sustainable construction materials and techniques. This move towards greener construction methods, including prefabrication, modularization, and the use of digital tools like Building Information Modeling (BIM), is reshaping the construction industry. These approaches not only lower carbon footprints by as much as 30% but also minimize material wastage and enhance site safety.

Modular construction, in particular, is gaining traction for its efficiency and reduced environmental impact, with examples of substantial adoption in countries like Sweden and Japan, and specific sectors such as healthcare benefiting from its streamlined processes​​​​.

Another emerging trend is the attention to biodiversity in development projects. The concept of Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG), mandated by policies like the Environment Act 2021, requires developments to enhance biodiversity, connecting people with nature and ensuring sustainable integration between urban spaces and natural environments.

This approach signifies a paradigm shift in how developers and property managers consider their impact on the natural world, aiming to bring biodiversity to the forefront of urban planning and development​.

Final Remarks

The shift towards eco-friendly property management is not just a trend; it’s a necessity for the future of our planet. By embracing sustainable construction methods, focusing on energy efficiency, water conservation, and waste reduction, and integrating smart technologies, property managers are setting new standards for the industry.

The emphasis on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria further underscores the holistic approach required to truly make a difference.

As we move forward, the integration of biodiversity considerations and advanced sustainable practices into property management will not only mitigate environmental impacts but also enhance the quality of life for tenants and communities, paving the way for a more sustainable and interconnected world.

Binary Options Trading: A Comprehensive Guide

Binary options offer a unique way for traders to engage with the currency markets. These options combine the analytical aspects of foreign exchange trading with the simplicity of binary options. This guide delves into the essential peculiarities of binary options trading, tailored to intrigue both novice and seasoned traders.

binary trading

Binary Options: The Basics

Binary options stand out as a distinct derivative trading option based on currency pairs, combining the potential for high returns with a straightforward decision-making process. These options require traders to predict whether the exchange rate of a pair will rise or fall within a predetermined period, offering a binary choice outcome—either ‘yes,’ the rate will surpass a specified level, or ‘no,’ it will not.

What makes binary options particularly appealing is their simplicity, defined risk, and accessibility. Traders are fully informed of potential wins or losses upfront, making risk management more straightforward. At the same time, determining the best time to trade binary options is one of the aspects that requires the greatest attention from a dealer in this field.

Generally, the busiest period of the market is considered to be the ideal opportunity to trade binary options. This usually happens when the London, New York, Sydney, and Tokyo market sessions overlap. These are periods of increased volatility and liquidity, which can cause big price swings.

The Top 3 Features of Binary Options Trading

  1. Fixed Expiry Time: Unlike traditional forex trading, binary options have a fixed expiry date. This could range from a minute to several hours or even days.
  2. Strike Price: This is the price level you believe the currency pair will be above or below at the expiry time.
  3. Payout Structure: If your prediction is correct, you will receive a predetermined payout, usually a percentage of your investment.

Strategies for Trading Binary Options

Successful trading of binary options hinges on effective strategies. Here are a few to consider:

  • Start with a Demo Account: Before diving into live markets, practicing with a demo account is invaluable. It allows you to test strategies, get familiar with platform tools, and understand market movements without financial risk.
  • Stay Informed: The currency markets are highly responsive to global events and economic indicators. Regularly following financial news and understanding how events influence currency rates can provide a competitive edge.
  • Use Technical Analysis: Leveraging charts and technical indicators helps in making more informed trading decisions. Understanding patterns and signals can indicate potential market movements, aiding in strategy development.
  • Manage Your Risk: It’s crucial to define how much you’re willing to risk on each trade. Implementing stop-loss orders and only investing a small percentage of your capital per trade can help preserve your bankroll.
  • Plan Your Trades: Develop a trading plan that outlines your investment goals, risk tolerance, and methodologies. This plan should act as a roadmap for when and how you trade, helping to avoid impulsive decisions.
  • Diversify Your Trades: Don’t put all your capital into a single trade or market. Diversifying across different currency pairs can spread risk and increase the potential for returns.
  • Understand Payouts and Costs: Each broker has specific payout structures and associated costs. Understanding these can help in selecting the right broker and making trades that align with your financial objectives.

How To Successfully Trade On Forex

Advantages and Disadvantages

Binary options trading has its pros and cons, which can affect traders’ results. Here are the essential points to help dealers make well-informed choices:

Benefits

Drawbacks

Limited Risk: You can only lose what you’ve invested in a trade.

Simplicity: The binary outcome makes the trading process straightforward.

●  Opportunities in Flat Markets: Even when the forex market is flat, you can profit from binary options.

Limited Reward: The fixed payout means profits are capped.

Market Sensitivity: High volatility can make predictions more challenging.

Risk Management: Mismanagement can lead to quick losses. Beginners must be especially careful about this point because the risks in binary options trading are inherently different from those of other popular instruments, such as forex itself or stocks.

Binary options trading presents an intriguing option for traders looking to diversify their strategies. However, like any financial endeavor, it’s crucial to proceed with thorough knowledge. You can acquire the necessary proficiency to successfully work not only with binary options but with binary options as a whole with the help of the dedicated platform. There is a wealth of relevant information there that is constantly updated.

وعي المواطن ومسؤوليته تجاه تحدي تغير المناخ

لئن تتحمل الدول النامية، ومن بينها تونس، المسؤولية الأقل في انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة المسببة للاحتباس الحراري والتغير المناخي، فهي تتحمل الآثار السلبية الأكبر لهذه الظاهرة العالمية، خاصة مع الصعوبات الكثيرة التي تواجهها في التخفيف منها والتكيف معها. فتطوير المشاريع التي يمكن أن تحد من آثار تغير المناخ، وإيصالها إلى وجهتها المنشودة يتطلب الكثير من المال والقدرات، وهو أبرز تحدي يواجه تونس في هذا المجال.

climate-change-sky-earth

البحث عن التمويل لمجابهة خطر التغيرات المناخية

شرعت البلاد التونسية، في هذا الإطار، في إحداث هيئة وطنية معتمدة لدى الصندوق الأخضر تعمل على الإحاطة بحاملي المشاريع المتعلقة بمجال التأقلم مع التغير المناخي والحد من آثاره السلبية ومرافقتهم على مستوى بلورة ملفاتهم وتقديمها لصندوق المناخ الأخضر قصد استقطاب التمويلات.

إذ يمكن للهياكل والمؤسسات العمومية أو الخاصة ومؤسسات المجتمع المدني والبلديات تقديم مقترحات مشاريعهم إلى هذه الهيئة، التي توجد نواتها صلب وزارة البيئة والتنمية المحلية، والتي ستلعب دور الرابط بينهم وبين الصندوق الأخضر، حيث ستقوم بتأهيل المشاريع المقدمة وستكون مستقلة عن الإدارة التونسية بما يوفر ضمانة لشروط الشفافية والنجاعة التي يفرضها الصندوق.

وقد قامت الهيئة فعلا خلال  الفترة المنقضية بعقد استشارات بشأن تمويل هذه المشاريع في عدة جهات على غرار صفاقس  وجربة  وجندوبة وبنزرت، حسب ما أكد الخبير التونسي في البيئة عادل بن يوسف.

ويذكر أن الصندوق الأخضر يعد واحدا من أهم الآليات التمويلية في مجال التغيرات المناخية، أنشئ  لمساعدة الدول النامية على تقليص  آثارتغير المناخ والتكيف  معه، وذلك على إثرالمؤتمر الـسادس عشر للأطراف في اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة الإطارية بشأن تغير المناخ سنة 2010.

إلا أنه ومع تعليق تونس آمالا كثيرة على تمويلات هذا الصندوق فهو لا يزال مشروعا غير مكتمل، حيث لم يتجاوز إلى حد الآن مجموع التبرعات 18 مليون دولار في حين كانت الوعود بتوفير 100 مليون دولار سنويا لفائدة الدول النامية لإنجاز مشاريع للتكيف مع التغيرات المناخية والتخفيف من آثارها السلبية.

التأثيرات السلبية للتغير المناخي

تبقى مسألة التمويل أبرز تحدي يواجه تونس في هذا المجال باعتبار التكلفة العالية لمشاريع التأقلم والتي تتطلب، بالضرورة، دعما خارجيا، خاصة مع هشاشة وضع الاقتصاد الوطني وافتقار البلاد للموارد المالية اللازمة مقابل تزايد تهديدات الآثار السلبية للتغير المناخي، والتي تفاقمت وباتت أكثر وضوحا وأشد وطأة من أي وقت مضى. فارتفاع معدلات الحرارة، وتقلص مدخرات المياه العذبة بسبب التملح والجفاف، واضطراب موسم الأمطار، وارتفاع مستوى البحر هي إرهاصات جدية تهدد القطاعات الحيوية في البلاد على غرار الفلاحة والسياحة إضافة إلى صحة الإنسان وجودة الحياة.

فالآثار الناجمة عن  التغير المناخي تؤثر تقريبا على كل جانب من جوانب الحياة اليومية وهذا ما يضع مسألة التأقلم مع التغيرات المناخية والحد من انعكاساتها السلبية في مقدمة الأولويات، التي لا تحتمل الانتظار، مما يجعل تعبئة الجهود جماعية كانت أو فردية أمرا ضروريا وحاسما.

أهمية الوعي الفردي

إلى جانب الحاجة إلى التمويل الخارجي والجهود التي تقوم بها الدولة في حدود إمكانياتها، لا يمكن تجاهل أهمية المسؤولية التي يمكن أن يتعهد بها الفرد والمجتمع تجاه هذا التحدي المناخي.وهذا ما حاول أن يبينه كتاب “تحدي التكيف  معظاهرة التغير المناخي”،من تحرير خبراء من جامعة أوسلو بالنرويج والصادر عن  مطبعة جامعة كامبريدج البريطانية. حيث يخلص الكتاب إلى أن “تحدي التكيف مع تغير المناخ ينطوي على العمل الجماعي والفردي على حد سواء، وما ينبغي على الحكومات القيام به لفرض النظام والاستدامة على السلوك المتهور والمدمر من قبل الأفراد”.

لا يمكن التقليل من دور نمط الاستهلاك لدى المجتمع والسلوكيات الفردية في إحداث الفرق في هذا المجال، فالاستهلاك غير الرشيد للموارد من المياه والطاقة يتسبب في الضغط عليها وإرهاقها. وتعتبر  معدلات استهلاك المواطن التونسي للمياه، مثلا،عالية مقارنة مع محدودية الموارد المائية في تونس وتضررها من التغيرات المناخية.وقد أكد مؤخرا الرئيس المدير العام للشركة التونسية لاستغلال وتوزيع المياه أن “التونسي يستهلك يوميا 140 لترا من الماء، لا يشرب منها سوى لتر ونصف أو لترين”، في وقت يبلغ فيه نصيب الفرد من الماء في تونس 380 متر مكعب سنويا، وهو ما يعني أن البلاد تعيش تحت خط الفقر المائي الذي يقدر 1000 متر مكعب سنويا، وفق ما تؤكده منظمة الأمم المتحدة. الأمر الذي يجعل الترشيد في الاستهلاك ضرورة لا خيارا.

climate-governance

ويمكن الإشادة في هذا الإطار بالحلول التقليدية التي يلتجئ إليها المواطن التونسي لإدارة أزمة الماء على الصعيد الفردي والعائلي من خلال الاعتماد على “الماجل” و”الفسقية” كوسائل لتخزين مياه الأمطار، قصد استغلالها المنزلي أو لري النباتات وسقي الدواجن والمواشي خاصة عند انقطاع مياه الشرب المتكررة خلال الصيف. وقد دأب التونسيون منذ القدم على حفر “المواجل أو “الفسقيات” كجزء أساسي من المنزل. كما أن هذه العادة في طريقها إلى إعادة الإحياء وذلك بتشجيع من الدولة، حيث بدأت مؤخرا وزارة التجهيز والإسكان والتهيئة الترابية في تمكين مالكي المساكن الراغبين في بناء “ماجل” لتجميع مياه الأمطار التمتع بمنحة أو قرض وذلك من الصندوق الوطني لتحسين السكن طبقا للشروط المضمنة بالأمر الحكومي عدد 1125 لسنة 2016.

في سياق متصل وفيما يتعلق بمجال الطاقة، أصبحت اللاقطات الفولطوضوئية، التي بدأت تنتشر على أسطح المباني، مكونا جديدا للمشهد العمراني التونسي. إذ يسهل القانون التونسي للأفراد والمؤسسات العمومية والخاصة إنتاج حاجياتهم من الكهرباء بالاعتماد على الطاقات المتجددة وخاصة منها الشمسية. وهو ما يفسر إقبال المواطنين والمستثمرين على استغلال هذا الحق في توليد الطاقة.

ولئن يهدف المواطنون إلى تركيز لوحات الطاقات الشمسية هذه لتوفير مصاريف الكهرباء والفواتير الباهظة، والتخلص من الانقطاع المتكرر للكهرباء، الذي توفره الشركة العمومية للكهرباء والغاز، وخاصة خلال فترة الذروة الصيفية، فإن هذا يندرج في إطار الجهود التي تبذلها تونس في المساهمة في تخفيض انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة، حيث يمثل ترشيد استهلاك الطاقة وتوجهها نحو الاعتماد على المصادر المتجددة كالشمس والرياح هدفا هاما بالنسبة للبلاد، تحققه في محاولتها للتكيف مع التغيرات المناخية والتخفيف من آثارها السلبية.

فمع تزايد مخاطر التغير المناخي على البلاد التونسية، التي أكدت الدراسات الدولية على أنها تنتمي إلى أكثر المناطق في العالم تضررا من هذه الظاهرة وأشدها هشاشة تجاهها، تتزايد الحاجة إلى إيجاد الحلول اللازمة لمعالجة هذا التحدي الخطير. وفي ظل صعوبة تطوير المشاريع الكبرى المتعلقة بالتكيف مع التغير المناخي وتبعيتها للتمويل الخارجي، تبرز أهمية تعبئة الجهود وإن كانت فردية في مواجهة تحديات هذه الظاهرة. وهنا يأتي دور الإعلام والمجتمع المدني في رفع مستوى الوعي لدى الأفراد والمجتمع بفاعلية دورهم في هذا المجال.